齿槽的

The expression of cogging torque is deduced on dual-stator permanent magnet synchronous machine, and the influence rules of the resulting cogging torque are analyzed with the change of relative angle between dual stators. The relation between cogging torque amplitude and the relative angle between dual stators is investigated. Finally, simulation verification is conducted based on finite element method.

针对双定子永磁同步电机，推导了内外定子及其合成齿槽转矩的解析表达式，分析了内外定子相对位置变化对合成齿槽转矩的影响规律，着重研究了合成齿槽转矩幅值与内外定子相对位置的关系，最后用有限元方法进行了仿真验证。

Based on the energy method and Fourier series expansion the general expression of cogging torque was obtained and the harmonic components of cogging torques were analyzed under both ideal and non-ideal conditions.

针对永磁电机中非理想因素对齿槽转矩的影响，基于能量法和傅里叶级数解析方法给出了齿槽转矩的一般表达形式，并分析了理想及非理想条件下齿槽转矩的谐波成分。

In order to reducing the cogging torque of PM brushless direct current machines,an analytical method,which was based on energy method and Fourier expansion,was proposed,which can express how to match slot and pole to reduce cogging torque.

为了削弱永磁无刷直流电动机的齿槽转矩，首先利用能量法和傅里叶分解法进行分析并提出了减小齿槽转矩的最佳极槽配合。

The purposes of the study were as follows:(1) to evaluate the molar furcation involvement and number of molar correlated with age and sex; and (2) to study the relationship between the means of alveolar bone loss and associated factors of molar furcation involvements.

本研究目的是：(1)探讨大臼齿根叉齿槽骨破坏、臼齿数与年龄、性别的关系；及(2)研究影响平均齿槽骨破坏量与根叉齿槽骨病变的相关因素。研究样本包括民国81年到83年6月间高雄医学院牙科219个20~65岁成人牙周病患者。

A compensation approach was proposed to counteract the effect of the cogging force by using a feedforward compensator.

采用线性插值计算方法建立齿槽推力波动的前馈补偿控制模型，并给出齿槽推力波动的标定结果，对比齿槽推力前馈补偿前后的位置跟踪误差。

Both upper and lower dental study models were collected from 30 boys (12 years old) and 30 girls (12 years old) with acceptable normal occlusion to understand the characteristics of the crown size, dental arch width and length such as (1) mesiodistal diameters of crown size from central incisor to first molar,(2) the width and length of dental arch and basal arch and (3) the morphology of dental arch form. After statistical analysis, data were compared with Japanese, Central and South American Indians and North American Caucasians from papers. The results were:(1) There was no statistical difference in teeth size between males and females, except the upper first molar of males was larger than that of females, lower central incisor of males was smaller than that of females.(2) The dimensions of dental arch of males were larger than that of females in general, especially such items as width and length of basal arch.(3) The crown size of Chinese male was in generally smaller than that of four other races, especially the upper canine, lower central incisor and first molar.

为了解住在台湾的中国人其牙齿的大小，齿列弓幅径及形态，为齿科人类学上的特微，以期能对儿童牙科，齿颚矫正科之临床及齿科基础医学能有所贡献，抽取12岁学童男女各30名共60名，可接受为正常咬合之上下颚齿列模型，测量其上下颚(1)左侧正中门牙到第一大臼齿共计12颗恒牙之牙冠近远心径，(2)齿列弓宽径、长径及齿槽基底宽径、长径，(3)齿列弓之形态，以上资料经统计分析作t-test检定，并与诸学者对日本人、北美白人、中美及南美印第安人人种的研究结果作检讨得知；(1)男女性恒牙的近远心径无明显差异，但男性上颚第大臼齿比女性者大，下颚正中门牙比女性者小；(2)男性的齿列弓幅径比女性者为大，尤以齿槽基底宽径及长径最显著；(3)国人男子的牙齿近远心径比其他四人种者为小，特别是国人的上颚犬齿，下颚正中门牙及第一大臼齿最小。

Firstly, achieving a new low and high cycle noninterfering loading, the high frequency induction local heating, the control of high cycle vibration frequency and amplitude, and the crack propagation real-time detection, an experimental system of L-HCCF at elevated temperature is established. Secondly, under two vibration frequency (50Hz and 100Hz), the contrast experiment of light and serious corrosion disc slots is done. It is found that the experimental L-HCCF life of serious corrosion disc is less than that of light's, but its dispersion is larger, and the experimental failure is identical with the service's.

首先，进行大量试验工作，提出了高低周疲劳载荷的新型加载方案，并解决了高频感应局部加温、振动调频及裂纹实时监测等多个技术难点，建立了涡轮盘全尺寸高温复合疲劳试验系统；验证试验做到了故障再现；接着进行了两种频比（振频50HZ与100HZ）的轻、重腐蚀盘的对比试验；由对榫槽第一齿进行裂纹实时跟踪，得出了枞树型榫槽的复合疲劳裂纹扩展特点规律；对榫齿断口进行的金相分析表明：裂纹首先由第一齿开始，断口系复合疲劳；试验结果显示：重腐蚀盘试验寿命较轻腐蚀盘有显著的下降，而且分散性较大。

The most important factor influencing implant survival in sinus augmentation, besides individual surgical technique, is the preexisting bone height between the sinus floor and alveolar crest. The key factor for success is to achieve primary stability. When the available bone height is less than 5mm or the thickness of the cortical bone is inadequate, two stage protocol (elevating the sinus floor to create sufficient bone height first, and then placing the implant at the second stage) is a safe, predictable treatment modality.

上颚窦植牙手术的成功与否，除个人手术技巧外，常取决於剩余齿槽骨之高度(residual bone height， RBH)，如何得到初期稳定度是一重要之关键，当可利用之齿槽骨高度小於5mm或皮质骨宽度不足以支撑植体获得理想初期稳定度时，分二阶段先提高上颚窦高度再植牙，不失为一理想，安全且可预期性高之植牙方法。

With increasing resorption of alveolar bone, the center of resistance of the maxillary incisors including pulp cavity, were located within the mid-sagittal plane,6.1mm lingual to archwires labial side, respectively at 38.5 %, 47.3%, 55.2%, 64.1%, 75.2%length of the central incisor measured from the alveolar crest.

1、在不同程度齿槽骨吸收时上颔切牙段在各种载荷作用下，中切才｝侧切才的应力分介基木相同，均为丁恨表而应力最大，齿槽骨人山厂入上，丁人司膜应力最个。

The results of conversion show that the serious disc must be rejected because its reliable L-HCCF life is greatly less than an overhaul period. Finally, the load distribution of centrifugal and vibration force on labe is derived. Using two method, load on the crack labe gradually reducing and keeping constant with the crack propagation, a crack propagation analysis of fir-tree slot is carried out, and the calculating L-HCCF crack propagation life of slot on the unload method, which is nearly 3 times longer than that on constant method, is 20 times shorter than the pure low cycle life, and agree well with the experimental's.

最后，分析了离心力载荷和振动载荷在榫齿上的分布，进行了榫槽榫齿的有限元计算；提出了枞树型榫槽的卸载概念，并按带裂纹榫齿上的承载随裂纹增长而逐步减少和始终保持不变两种处理方法，进行了复合疲劳裂纹扩展及其寿命计算，由计算得出卸载下复合疲劳裂纹扩展寿命较单纯低周疲劳寿命下降二十多倍；按卸载处理的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命是按恒载处理的三倍多，前者与试验吻合，而后者则偏差较大。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。