鼻额的

METHODS Twenty three adult patients (36 sides) with chronic frontal sinusitis received endoscopic frontal sinus surgery in the route anterior to ethmoidal bulla.

选取23例（36侧）确诊为慢性额窦炎的成人病例。采用经鼻内镜筛泡前径路术式开放额窦。

Results (1)The agger cells existed in 99% of the cases, the development of the agger cells in 9～16 years old children, and adult had no difference;(2) The morphology of agger cells differed widely, but its relationship to the anterior border of the middle nasal concha, bulla ethmoidalis and nasolacrimal canal was quite stable;(3) The upward pneumatization of the agger cells was not related to deviation of nasal septum, but closely related to the development of the frontal sinus;(4) The anterior nasosinusitis often influenced the agger cells and might result in hyperosteogeny.

结果 ①绝大多数病例（99%）有鼻丘气房，儿童（9～16岁）鼻丘发育与成人相比无差异性；②鼻丘形态变化很大，但与中鼻甲前端、筛泡和鼻泪管的关系是恒定的；③鼻丘向上气化程度与额窦发育关系密切，鼻中隔偏曲对其发育无明显影响；④前组鼻窦的广泛炎症易波及鼻丘，并可出现鼻丘骨质增厚。

Objective To eva luate the indication, operative technique and advantages of the treatment of traumatic cerebrospinal rhinorrhea in frontal sinus by intranasal endoscopic surgery.

目的 探讨经鼻内窥镜外科治疗额窦脑脊液鼻漏的适应证、操作技巧及优点。

Results The tristar of groove was consisted of beak of the ethmoidal bulla and its prolonging process, apex of the uncinate process and anterior peak of the middle turbinate, at the region of frontal recess. The structures called meatal groove, uncinate groove and bullar groove were observed around the ethmoidal bulla and the tristar of groove located at their origination. Under endoscopic view these structures looked like a triangular clefts, so it was named.

结果 星状裂是由筛泡的顶端及其向上伸出的角、钩突的顶端、中鼻甲的前顶端在额隐窝区域汇合形成的一个星状裂隙，上述结构围绕筛泡形成鼻道沟、钩突沟、筛泡沟，星状裂为三条沟的起始部。

Its head -the head is the part of the animal that better defines and characterizes the breed- well proportioned (6-4), the snout straight, never turned-up, Nasofrontal depression is little noticeable, marked depression cranium-frontal, the skull flat, or hardly convex, thick-lipped gathered, non-hanging, the masseters muscles well developed, bite in scissors, the eyes of medium size and attentive gaze, intelligent as if it was a person.

它的头，头的特点是该品种最好的定义，匀称（6-4枪口）的一部分，鼻子直，没有出现跟进，鼻额几乎没有明显的抑郁症，头颅平或微凸，厚的嘴唇聚集收紧，非挂、大咬肌发达的，剪状刀咬，中等大小和警惕的眼睛凝视，智能，就好像它是一个人。

There was significant difference in frequency of cells in frontal drainage system between sinusitis group and control group, including terminal cell, anterior ethmoid cell, agger nasi cells, and perifrontal cells.

两组间额窦引流通道内出现并影响额窦通气引流功能的部分气房（终末气房、前筛气房、鼻丘气房和额气房）出现率的差异有显著性。

ABSTRACT］ Objective: To provide anatomical evidence for frontal sinus surgery through the agger nasi cell approach and the uncinate process approach by using the lamellar sectional anatomy image. Methods: The computerized cryomilling technique was used to obtain the continuous sectional data of the nasal parts.

目的：应用鼻腔额窦的薄层断面解剖图像，追踪额窦引流通路，测量鼻丘气房、钩突及其他的相关数据，为额窦的鼻丘径路及钩突径路手术提供解剖学依据。

With the foundation of HRCT, drainage passage and ostium of the frontal sinus were identified and opened through the landmark of agger nasi cells, the superior attachment of the uncinate process and the anterosupterior basal lamella of the bulla.

经CT明确诊断的额窦病变33例(56侧)，以CT扫描成像为基础在鼻内镜下以鼻丘气房、钩突附着上缘及筛泡前上缘为标记开放额隐窝及额窦。

Results (1) Cells in frontal recess: The existence of terminal cells was 45.5% in frontal sinusitis group and 23.7% in, control; anterior ethmoid cell 31.8% and 15.3%; agger nasi cells 28.8% and 13.5%.(2) Cells in frontal sinus: for perifrontal cells there were 42.4% and 22%, respectively; superaorbital cells 33.3% and 25.4%; intersinus septal cells 27.3% and 20%.

①额隐窝内出现的相关气房（无额窦炎组出现率／额窦炎组出现率）：终末气房(23.7%/45.5%)，前筛气房(15.3%/31.8%)，鼻丘气房(13.5%/28.8%)；②额窦内出现的相关气房：额气房(22%/42.4%)，眶上气房(25.4%/33.3%)，额窦中隔气房(20%/27.3%)。

The situation of frontal sinus ostium and frontal recess was as follows:56 sides obstructed by swollen mucosa,polypoid mucosa or polyps,no cell obstruction at frontal sinus orifice;121 cases constricted by over development of agger nasi cells,ethmoid bulla or terminal cell at frontal recess;osteal stenosis at frontal sinus orifice in 5 sides.

额窦口和额隐窝情况分3种：①局部没有气房阻塞，仅为肿胀息肉样变黏膜或息肉阻塞者56侧(30.7%)；②额隐窝被发育过度的鼻丘气房、前筛气房或终末气房挤压导致引流通道狭窄者121侧(66.5%)；③额窦口骨性狭窄者5侧(2.8%)。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。