鼠疫蚤

Conduct investigation to identify animals and flea species that are implicated in the plague enzootic cycle in the region and develop a programme on environmental management to limit its potential spread.

开展调查以查明在该地区鼠疫的地方性动物病周期中涉及的动物和蚤类物种并制定一项环境管理规划以限制其潜在传播。

Because ShanXi province has the history of plague epidemic, plague will be introducted or will happen anytime. Besides monitoring the plague which happens among mouse in Shanxi Province, using scientific analysis method to analyze mouse density, mouse type,epizoic parasite and experimental resuits in orde to find the relations between mouse density, mouse type,epizoic parasite endency and plague prevalence. It will provide scientific basis to. forewarn , prevents and controls plague epidemic in ShanXi province.

山西省是鼠疫历史疫区，鼠疫随时可能传入或发生，所以在山西省除搞好鼠间鼠疫监测外，运用科学的分析方法，通过对山西省鼠疫监测点鼠密度、鼠种类、体外寄生蚤监测数据及实验室检验结果进行分析，探索不同监测地区鼠密度、媒介数量与鼠疫流行的关系，将为山西省鼠疫的预测预警和防治工作提供科学依据。

Up to now, no Yersinia pestis was found in parasitic fleas except it was found in Marmota sibirica from Hulun Buir plateau in 1923. However, Y.

呼伦贝尔高原蒙古旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地于1923年仅自旱獭体中检出鼠疫菌，至今并未从寄生蚤中检出鼠疫菌。

Results Eight species belonged to three families, two orders of rodent animals and seven species of fleas were found in this area. Rattus losea and Xenopsylla cheopis were dominant species, R.flavipectus , R.norvegicus , Suncus murinus , and Banolicota indica were familiar species. The annual average density of rodents, the infected rate with flea of rodents, index of fleas, index of X.cheopis and free flea in room were 10.58%, 28.38%, 0.7916, 0.5702 and 0.0515 respectively.

结果 合浦县鼠疫疫源地的啮齿动物共有2目3科8种，以黄毛鼠为优势鼠种，黄胸鼠、褐家鼠、臭鼩鼱和板齿鼠为常见种；蚤类有7种，以印鼠客蚤为优势蚤种；年平均鼠密度、平均鼠体染蚤率、平均蚤指数和印鼠客蚤指数分别为10.58%、28.38%、0.7916和0.5702，地面游离蚤指数为0.0515。

Objective To observe the life cycle of Xenopsylla minax Jordan, 1926 under laboratory conditions and whether it could suck in human blood or not. Methods The specimens of X.

目的 观察新疆大沙鼠鼠疫媒介蚤臀突客蚤（Xenopsylla minax Jordan，1926）在实验室饲养条件下的生活史周期及该蚤是否能吸食人血。

Results There 2 237 rats were captured with an average rat density of 6.26%. R.flavipectus and Xenopsylla cheopis accounted for 24.38%,82.83, and the infection rate of rate with flea was 34.0%, with total flea index of 1.16, and Xenopsylla cheopis flea index 1.13. No F1 antibody was detected.

结果 捕获鼠形动物2 237只，平均鼠密度6.26%，鼠染蚤率33.11%，黄胸鼠构成比24.38%，印鼠客蚤构成比82.83%，总蚤指数1.16，印鼠客蚤指数1.13，鼠疫实验室检测用4种方法未检出阳性标本。

Results there 9 species of rodents belonged to 4genus,2 family,2order were found and rattus norvegicus was predominated, followed by rattus flavipectus. four species of fleas belonged to 4 genus of 3 families were identified and the predominated species was xenopsylla cheopis. natural dead rat were not discovered; yersinia pestis and f1 antibody were not detected.

结果 在调查市县发现啮齿动物隶属2目2科4属9种，以褐家鼠为优势鼠种，黄胸鼠次之；食虫目动物1科1属1种；梳检鼠体检获鼠体蚤3科4属4种，以印鼠蚤为绝对优势蚤种；未发现自毙鼠；未分离出鼠疫杆菌及未检测出f1抗体阳性血清。

the in case there exists simultaneously the conditions of the quantity of rattus flavipectus and xenopsylla cheopis in the this en-demic region over70%of the total and the density of rattus flavipectus indoors over5%and the rattus flavipectus index of xenopsylla cheopis over,then it will anticipate an epidemic of plague.

家鼠鼠疫疫区黄胸鼠和印鼠客蚤占总数的70%以上，当室内黄胸鼠密度大于5%及黄胸鼠体印鼠客蚤指数大于1等三项指标同时成立是鼠疫流行前期的预兆。

Results Xenopsylla Cheopis is dominant flea and wide distribution in Yunnan province.its vector efficiency is 0.241,vector index is 0.033,colony infect rate is 94.4%,bloodsucking rate is 100%.Y.pestis is detected from Xenopsylla Cheopis in the fieldwork.

结果 致痒蚤分布范围广泛，数量多，是云南省居民地区地面蚤的优势种，其媒介效能为0 。0 3 3 ，集群传疫率为94.4%，对人吸血率为10 0 %，现场调查中从该蚤检出鼠疫菌。

The constituted 4 plans and regulations of Yunnan Plague Epidemic on-the-spot proved to be scientific and practical.The usage of poisons for rat and flea control are efficient. Ampicillin or Cefobid accompanied with Ciprofloxacin can be used as the therapy to the bubonic patients in the house rat epidemic areas.

制定的实施方案、处理预案、实施细则科学实用；采用的灭鼠、灭蚤药物有效；可用氨卞青霉素或先锋必辅以环丙沙星治疗家鼠疫源地腺鼠疫病人。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。