鼓室

The pathological changes are similar to those of human being.lt is a good animal model to study tympanosclerosis during chronical otitis media.

其病理变化与人化脓性中耳炎鼓室硬化类似，是研究人化脓性中耳炎鼓室硬化较好的动物模型。

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of epitympanum approach tympanotomy in treating traumatic ossicular chain disruption.

目的：评估完壁式上鼓室进路鼓室探查术治疗外伤性听骨链中断的临床疗效。方法：10例颞骨骨折和耳外伤而鼓膜完整的患者，颞骨CT轴位示锤砧关节不规整，冠状位示砧镫关节不连续。

Methods Twenty-two pieces of temporal bone were taken for this study. The mastoid cavity was opened, scutum removed,"bridge" broken down, posterior wall of external auditory canal abraded and the related anatomic structures were fully exposed. The distance between the origin of facial nerve canal and the anterior border of round window （ OOFNC-ABORW ）, between the highest point of the facial nerve canal and the bottom of posterior mastoid sinus,and between the stapes head and round window niche was measured under operating microscope.

方法取成人颞骨22侧（左右各11侧），用耳科钻磨开乳突腔，去上鼓室盾板、断"桥"，磨低骨性外耳道后壁，充分暴露相关结构，在手术显微镜下测量面神经管垂直段起始部前缘至圆窗龛前缘的距离、面神经管最高点与后鼓室底壁之间的距离、锥隆起的高度（即锥隆起基底到锥隆起顶端的距离）、镫骨头至圆窗龛前缘的距离。

The inner pressure was changed to 2 kPa and 4 kPa below normal atmospheric pressure in 50 s and recovered to the normal pressure, the pure tune hearing threshold of 500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz and tympanic pressure were measured, and acoustic impedance curve characteristic and tympanic membrane appearance were recorded at each time points.

结果当大气压低于正常值2kPa时，受试者言语频率的纯音听阈显著提高（均P〈0.01），鼓室压力值发生显著改变（P〈0.05）；当大气压低于正常值4kPa时，受试者500、2000Hz的纯音听阈显著提高（P〈0.01和P〈0.05），鼓室压力值发生显著改变（P〈0.01）。

MethodsTwenty volunteers with normal hearing level and tympanic pressure were enrolled and kept at airtight container. The inner pressure was changed to 2 kPa and 4 kPa below normal atmospheric pressure in 50 s and recovered to the normal pressure, the pure tune hearing threshold of 500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz and tympanic pressure were measured, and acoustic impedance curve characteristic and tympanic membrane appearance were recorded at each time points.

方法选取听力和鼓室压力正常的受试者20例，即单耳40耳，评估其于50s改变密闭模拟电梯容器压力低于正常大气压2kPa、50s改变密闭容器压力低于正常大气压4kPa、以及压力恢复至正常水平时，言语频率500、1000、2000Hz的纯音听阈，鼓室压值和声阻抗曲线图形形态，以及鼓膜形态。

To measure structures of the posterior tympanum and thus to provide theoretical reference for operation approach related to the middle ear.

目的通过研究后鼓室有关解剖结构，及对后鼓室入路手术的径路进行观察、测量，为中耳相关手术入路提供理论参考依据。

Methods: Microanatomical study was carried out on 28 sides of baby head with observing and measuring facial recess and adjacent structures under operation microscope, through posterior tympanum approach entering posterior tympanum.

取1~5岁儿童尸头14个（28侧）模仿经乳突后鼓室径路，进入后鼓室；在手长显微镜下观察测量与面神经隐窝相关的解剑学数据。

Tympanoplasty using reconstructed ossicular chain from auto and foreign rib cartilages were performed on 264 ears with missing malleus.

采用改良Ⅲ型鼓室成形术的方法，以自体和同种异体肋软骨为听骨重建材料，完成鼓室成形术264耳。

Methods Twenty-two pieces of temporal bone were taken for this study. The mastoid cavity was opened, scutum removed,"bridge" broken down, posterior wall of external auditory canal abraded and the related anatomic structures were fully exposed. The distance between the origin of facial nerve canal and the anterior border of round window （ OOFNC-ABORW ）, between the highest point of the facial nerve canal and the bottom of posterior mastoid sinus,and between the stapes head and round window niche was measured under operating microscope.

方法取成人颞骨22侧（左右各11侧），用耳科钻磨开乳突腔，去上鼓室盾板、断&桥&，磨低骨性外耳道后壁，充分暴露相关结构，在手术显微镜下测量面神经管垂直段起始部前缘至圆窗龛前缘的距离、面神经管最高点与后鼓室底壁之间的距离、锥隆起的高度（即锥隆起基底到锥隆起顶端的距离）、镫骨头至圆窗龛前缘的距离。

The inferior ganglion is formed near the jugular foramen by glossopharyngeal nerve . The tympanic branch emerged from the inferior ganglion of the GphN and enters the middle ear through the tympanic canaliculus . A second small branch , this one to the carotid body , leaves Glossopharyngeal Nerve soon after it exits the skull .

其鼓室支(Jacobson's神经)自下神经节发出经鼓室小管进入中耳，第二个小分支在舌咽神经出颅后即离开主干郑州大学2004届硕士毕业论文侧颅底区舌咽神经及其毗邻结构的临床应用解剖进入颈动脉体。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。