默从的

For example,Husserl turned from the pursuit of theperfect scientific world to the"living world".wittgenstein gave up logical analysis andcame about the researching of the parsing of daily language in order to realize the regressto the living form.Heidegger disclosed the alienation of daily life in full scale throughdissecting daily coexistence.Dilthey called for the interlocution and understanding.Jaspersdiscussed the existence,freedom and communication relation of human being andconcentrated on the question of global communication.The dialogistic theory of Bakhtin.the hermeneutic of Cadamer and the subversion to the human-centered traditionalphilosophy of the postmodernism all embodied the turnaround.

如胡塞尔从对理想的科学世界的追求转向对前科学的"生活世界"的关心，维特根斯坦放弃逻辑分析而以研究日常语言的语法规则为己任向"生活形式"的回归，海德格尔通过对人的日常共在的剖析揭示现代日常生活的全面异化，狄尔泰提倡对话、理解，雅斯贝尔斯对人的生存、自由、交往关系的论述及全球交往问题的关注，巴赫金富有启迪意义的对话理论，伽达默尔以语言为本体的现代释义学理论，以及后现代主义者们对以人为中心的传统观点和方法的颠覆和反叛等。

This idea was successfully embodied in James's artistic world-his novels is a perfect combination of the European aesthetic form and the American morality. But, so far as the social practice is concerned, his very idea of combining the American and the European culture to make up for the deficiency of American culture, his attempt to fill up the wide gap between the socalled"high-brow"and"low-brow"in American culture, as Van Wyck Brooks put in his book America's Coming of Age, is only another beautiful dream. This is so cruel a fact that James could only realize in his writing. This may also explains why his works lack in popularity. James's style is so elaborate and graceful.

本文认为詹姆斯重构美国文化的思想是一种继爱默生之后的又一种理想型文化模式的构思，这种理想与追求虽然在詹姆斯本人的小说艺术中得到了成功的实践——他的小说就是一种审美与道德的有机融合，内容与形式的完美统一——但是，我们也可以看到，詹姆斯关于融合欧美文化以弥补美国思想不足的设想，他那实际上试图弥合范·威克·布鲁克斯(Van wyck Brooks，1886-1963)所谓的美国文化中"阳春白雪"与"下里巴人"之间鸿沟的努力，到头来仍然只是一个美丽的幻想而已，这一点可以从詹姆斯的作品在美国一直缺少大众性得到证明。

The seeds of development of Husserl''s philosophy from the Philosophie der Arithmetik to the Prolegomena [i.e., the first volume of the Logische Untersuchungen, 1900] were immanent to his own thinking, so that the hypothesis of a traumatic effect of Frege''s 1894 review of his book and a consequent reversal of his mode of thinking is not only uncalled for but also unsubstantiated by the available evidence.

谢谢来信谈了胡塞尔反心理主义的特点。你说，他的转向是因为受了弗雷格的批评。不过，我看到份资料说，胡塞尔的现象学是逐渐发展起来的，不过相对来说有过几次转折和几次停顿。有两个例子足以说明：在出版了《算术哲学》一书之后，他随即同他所建立的心理学理论保持距离。评论家们以为这是接受弗雷格批评的一个突如其来的转折。然而默汉蒂（ Mohanty ，1982）研究了他们两人的通信以后得出了完全相反的结论：胡塞尔哲学发展的种子，从《算术哲学》到《绪论》（《逻辑研究》的第一册，1900年），都是胡塞尔自己思想内在的东西。因此弗雷格1894年对他的《算术哲学》一书评论造成的创伤性的影响，并且随之造成他思想状态的转向——这个假设不仅纯属多此一举，而且并没有足够证据的支持。

Supported by Freud"s psychological analyses and archetypal criticism of Frye and C. C. Jung, the main body of the thesis firstly analyzes the deep reason for the phantom battle. Charles"s jealousy for James and the phantom pursuit of Hartley take their initial in his transferred "Oedipus complex" towards his aunt. Secondly it presents the artistic means Murdoch employs in the novel, dealing with the language confrontation, and such archetypal images as sea serpent and seals. Lastly, the study reveals how Charles fulfills his spiritual maturity through "down-up experience","the last baptism" and "meditations on stars".

论文主体以弗洛伊德的精神分析理论，弗莱和荣格的原型批评为支点从三个方面着手，首先分析导致查尔斯虚幻之争的深层缘由，阐述查尔斯对詹姆斯的嫉妒和对哈特莉梦的追寻源自对婶婶的"俄狄浦斯"情结；进而重点分析默多克呈现兄弟虚幻之争所运用的艺术手段，其中包括言语对抗，"海怪"，"海豹"等原型意象分析；最终揭示查尔斯如何通过"坠落经历"，"最后的洗礼"，"对星星的冥想"等完成自身的精神成长。

In 1993, professor Michael Hammer of MIT and James champy co-author the book of Reengineering the corporation ----- a Manifesto For Business Revolution, put forward the concept of BPR. BPR's central thoughts is to redesign the business process, produces the valuable result, decrease cost, improve the quality, speed and service, finally improve the performance of enterprises from the customers' need taking the business process as reforming objective.

业务流程再造（Business Process Reengineering ――BPR）概念的提出是1993年，美国麻省理工学院迈可·哈默教授与詹姆斯·钱辟合著的《再造公司――企业革命的宣言》（Reengineering The Corporation ――A Manifesto For Business Revolution）一书，其概念的核心含义就是指从顾客的需求出发，以企业流程为改造对象，对企业流程进行根本性的思考和分析，通过对企业流程构成要素的重新组合，以此实现企业业务流程彻底的重新设计，产生出更为有价值的结果，在成本、产品质量、服务和速度等方面获得戏剧化的改善，从而获得企业绩效的巨大改善。

And they produce a host of books written by Musaeus and Orpheus , who were children of the Moon and the Muses--that is what they say-- according to which they perform their ritual, and persuade not only individuals, but whole cities, that expiations and atonements for sin may be made by sacrifices and amusements which fill a vacant hour, and are equally at the service of the living and the dead; the latter sort they call mysteries, and they redeem us from the pains of hell, but if we neglect them no one knows what awaits us.

人们还可以从月亮女神和缪斯女神的孩子们——默塞俄斯和俄尔甫斯的一系列著作中得到相同的印证——也就是说——依据他们在书中描写的古老风俗礼仪，当时的礼制不仅规劝个人而且号召全城老少，都应该以贡献牺牲和歌娱欢宴的方式替原罪去抵罪和赎罪以消磨时光，并且对活着的人和死去的人要一视同仁；歌娱欢宴方面的活动后来就形成了祓除祭祀之类的神秘宗教，而正是这些神秘宗教救我们逃离苦海，谁胆敢轻侮它们必会为自己招来无妄之灾。

This idea was successfully embodied in James's artistic world-his novels is a perfect combination of the European aesthetic form and the American morality. But, so far as the social practice is concerned, his very idea of combining the American and the European culture to make up for the deficiency of American culture, his attempt to fill up the wide gap between the socalled"high-brow"and"low-brow"in American culture, as Van Wyck Brooks put in his book America's Coming of Age, is only another beautiful dream. This is so cruel a fact that James could only realize in his writing. This may also explains why his works lack in popularity. James's style is so elaborate and graceful.

本文认为詹姆斯重构美国文化的思想是一种继爱默生之后的又一种理想型文化模式的构思，这种理想与追求虽然在詹姆斯本人的小说艺术中得到了成功的实践——他的小说就是一种审美与道德的有机融合，内容与形式的完美统一——但是，我们也可以看到，詹姆斯关于融合欧美文化以弥补美国思想不足的设想，他那实际上试图弥合范·威克·布鲁克斯(Van wyck Brooks，1886-1963)所谓的美国文化中&阳春白雪&与&下里巴人&之间鸿沟的努力，到头来仍然只是一个美丽的幻想而已，这一点可以从詹姆斯的作品在美国一直缺少大众性得到证明。

Supported by Freud"s psychological analyses and archetypal criticism of Frye and C. C. Jung, the main body of the thesis firstly analyzes the deep reason for the phantom battle. Charles"s jealousy for James and the phantom pursuit of Hartley take their initial in his transferred "Oedipus complex" towards his aunt. Secondly it presents the artistic means Murdoch employs in the novel, dealing with the language confrontation, and such archetypal images as sea serpent and seals. Lastly, the study reveals how Charles fulfills his spiritual maturity through "down-up experience","the last baptism" and "meditations on stars".

论文主体以弗洛伊德的精神分析理论，弗莱和荣格的原型批评为支点从三个方面着手，首先分析导致查尔斯虚幻之争的深层缘由，阐述查尔斯对詹姆斯的嫉妒和对哈特莉梦的追寻源自对婶婶的&俄狄浦斯&情结；进而重点分析默多克呈现兄弟虚幻之争所运用的艺术手段，其中包括言语对抗，&海怪&，&海豹&等原型意象分析；最终揭示查尔斯如何通过&坠落经历&，&最后的洗礼&，&对星星的冥想&等完成自身的精神成长。

There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons and in 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, initiated the University's tradition of international scholarship.

虽然没有牛津大学宣称确切的建校时间，但是它的某种形式的教学活动在1096年就已经存在，从1167年开始迅速发展，当时亨利二世下令禁止英国的学生到巴黎大学。1188年，威尔士的历史学家杰拉德向集会的牛津大学教师作了一次公开的阐释。1190年，荷兰的弗里斯兰省的艾默，第一位著名的留学生，开创了牛津大学国际奖学金的传统。

In the first year of the Hegira Mohammed was apparently on friendly terms with them, not yet recognizing their religion to be different from his; indeed, they were included in a treaty which he made with the inhabitants of Medina shortly after his arrival among them.

在第一年的Hegira穆罕默德显然是友好与他们尚未认识到他们的宗教是不同的从他的；事实上，它们被列入条约，他与居民的梅迪纳后不久，他抵达其中之一。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。