黄酮

The total flavonoids content of peanut hulls of different sources were evidently different,those peanut hulls contained more total flavonoids from Shandong province,higher maturity and raw. This suggested that attention should be paid to the choice of peanut hulls as medicine materials. 3.The optimized extraction technology conditions considering the two indices of total flavonoids andβ-sitosterol were: the peanut hulls were extracted by 95% acohole 6 times of the hulls weight refluxing for 2 hours first,and extracted by 70% acohole 4 times of the hulls weight refluxing for 2 hours at the temperature below 80℃successionally,then the concentrate was dried vacuumizedly with the additament of starch 2% of the concentrate weight after the extracts were fitrated,united and concentrated. 4.The dried extract powder possessed high hygroscopy and low fluidity,but the weight variation of capsule contents could comply with the requirement of CP if it was mixed with dextrin and granulated by sieving 40 meshes using 95% ethanol as the wetting agent,and filled into capsules after dried below 60℃.The critical relative humidity of the granules was about 63%.

不同来源的花生壳总黄酮含量有较大差异，山东产区、成熟度高的及未经炒制的花生壳总黄酮含量较高，提示作为药材时应注意选择； 3、兼顾总黄酮及β-谷甾醇的最佳提取工艺为：先以95%乙醇6倍量加热回流提取2小时，再以70%乙醇4倍量80℃以下回流提取2小时，提取液过滤、合并、浓缩，加2%淀粉60℃以下减压干燥； 4、浸膏粉吸湿性大，流动性差，但加糊精并以95%乙醇为润湿剂、过40目筛制粒，60℃以下烘干后填充胶囊，可保证装量差异符合要求；颗粒临界相对湿度约为63%。

objectiveto optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in anchusa italica retiz.methodsthe content of total flavonoids was determined by uv spectrophotometer.the influence of each factor was measured by orthogonal experiments.

目的研究维吾尔药牛舌草中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法采用正交实验确定各因素的影响大小，确定维吾尔药牛舌草中总黄酮的最佳提取条件，通过紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮含量。

The oxidation mechanism of synephrine was also investigated;(2) The electrochemical behavior of twelve flavonoids (quercetin, morin, fisetin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, hyperoside, quercitrin, puerarin, farrerol, naringenin and hesperidin) was investigated. The method for the determination of flavonoids was developed by using different pulse voltammetry, and the detection limit was in the range of 10-7~10-9 mol/L. This method has been successfully employed to determine the total amount of flavonoids in pericarpium citri reticulatae and quercetin in the spiked human blood plasma samples.

2研究了槲皮素、桑色素、漆黄素、木犀草素、异鼠李素、杨梅素、金丝桃甙、槲皮甙、葛根素、杜鹃素、柚皮甙元和橙皮甙等12种黄酮类化合物在玻碳电极上的电化学氧化行为，建立了测定黄酮类化合物的微分脉冲伏安法，检测限可达10~(-7)～10~(-9) mol/L，并用DPV法测定了陈皮中总黄酮含量和模拟血清中的槲皮素，结果较为满意。

Result: Seven compounds were obtained and they are identified as luteolin, 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy flavone, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, apigenin,β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, ursolic acid.

结果：从乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了7个化合物，分别为：5 ，7，3′，4′-四羟基黄酮，5 ，7，4′-三羟基- 3′-甲氧基黄酮，5 ，3′，4′-三羟基黄酮- 7- O-β- D-葡萄糖苷，5 ，7，4′-三羟基黄酮，β-谷甾醇，豆甾醇和熊果酸。

To further study the chemical constitutes of lipophilic active parts, we prepared Alc95% and Alc50% according to original literature. 20 compounds were isolated by using macroporous resin, silica gel, polyamide, Sephadex LH-20, Rp-18, preparative TLC and preparative HPLC chromato-graphy. The structures of them were elucidated by means of physical and chemical properties, modern spectroscopic analysis techniques—UV、IR、 EI/MS、ESI/MS、〓H-NMR、〓C-NMR、DEPT、HMQC、HMBC. They are nine anthraquinones: chrysophanol (95-1), physcion (95-2), emodin (95-5), aloemodin (95-7), rhein (50-1), sennoside A or B (50-6),ω-hydroxylemodin (95-10), chrysophanol-8-0-β-D-glucoside (95-12), aloemodin-ω-0-β-D-glucoside (95-13); three phenanthaquinones: tanshinone ⅡA (95-3), cryptotanshinone (95-6), tanshinone Ⅰ(95-4); one isoflavone: 7, 3'-dihydroxyl-5' methoxyisoflavone (95-14) and protocaechuic aldehyde (95-9), protocaechuic acid (95-11), astragaloside Ⅳ(50-4), amygdalin (50-5), 2, 3, 5, 4'-tetrahydroxylstilbene-2-0-β-D-glucoside (50-3),-catechin (50-2), cinnamic acid (95-8). Among them, 3'-dihydroxyl-5' methoxyisoflavone (95-14) is a new compound.

经过溶剂萃取、大孔吸附树脂富集、Sephadex LH-20精制、制备TLC及Semi-pre HPLC等手段从中分离了20个化合物，利用理化性质和波谱技术(UV、IR、EI／MS、ESI／MS、〓H-NMR、〓C-NMR、DEPT、HMQC、HMBC)相结合鉴定了它们的结构，分别为9种蒽醌类化合物：大黄酚，大黄素甲醚，大黄素，芦荟大黄素，大黄酸，番泻苷A或B，ω-羟基大黄素(ω-hydroxylemodin)，大黄酚-8-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷(chrysophanol-8-0-β-D-glucoside)，芦荟大黄素-ω-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷(aloemodin-ω-0-β-D-glucoside)；3种菲醌类化合物：丹参酮ⅡA(tanshinoneⅡA)，隐丹参酮，丹参酮Ⅰ(tanshinone Ⅰ)；1种异黄酮：7，3'-二羟基-5'-甲氧基异黄酮（7，3'-dihydroxy-5' methoxyisofla-vone）以及原儿茶醛，原儿茶酸，黄芪甲苷(astragaloside Ⅳ)，苦杏仁苷，2，3，5，4'-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷（2，3，5，4'-tetrahydroxylstilbene-2-O-β-D-g1ucoside），Z—儿茶素，桂皮酸。

The correlations of eleven floral and fruit quantitative traits of Liriodendron interspecific hybrids(L. chinense×L. tulipifera) and its parent species were analysized.The aglycone and glycoside of flavonoid and carotinoids of perianth segment in the three groups were studied qualitatively and quantatively by high performance liquid chromatography.The results were as followed: The aglycone such as cyanidin, 6-hydroxyflavone and trans-chalcone and the glycoside such as glucose, rhamnose and galactose were discovered in Liriodendron interspecific hybrids and Liriodendron chinense,carotinoids such as lycopene and β-carotene were also discovered.

本文对鹅掌楸、北美鹅掌楸和杂交F_1的花果共11 个数量性状进行分析，并应用高效液相色谱对上述三大类群花被片类黄酮糖苷配基和结合糖及类胡萝卜素进行了定性和定量研究，结果如下：鹅掌楸和杂交鹅掌楸花被片类黄酮糖苷配基为花青素、6-羟基黄酮和反式查尔酮，糖苷配基结合糖为葡萄糖、鼠李糖和半乳糖；类胡萝卜素为β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素。

The optimization of extraction method of total flavonoids from Fagopyrum tatarium was obtained by using orthogonal test design,and the content of total flavonoids was determined from ten breed Fagopyrum esculentum Moench 'seeds.

采用正交设计实验，以荞麦中总黄酮得率为考察指标，对影响荞麦总黄酮提取率的因素进行了探讨，得出了荞麦总黄酮提取的优化条件，并测定了10种荞麦种子总黄酮的含量。

METHODS:A little ethanol was first used to saturate the powder of Radix puerariae lobatae to make the pueraia isoflavone desorbed adequately,and then hot n-Butanol solution was added to make the ethanol inside Radix puerariae lobatae begin to boil and the extraction was intensified.

由于大豆异黄酮与葛根异黄酮在丁醇中的溶解度有较大差异，因此浓缩过程中可采用分步蒸发浓缩结晶，浓缩除去部分溶剂后，结晶分离出大豆异黄酮，最后蒸干结晶母液，得到葛根异黄酮。

objective:to determine total flavonoids content in the leaves of acer saccharum.methods:we determined total flavonoids contents in leaves of acer saccharum by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry.results:the flavonoids content was 1.035mg/g in the leaves of acer saccharum.conclusion:the flavonoids content is rich in the leaves of acer saccharum and the leaves have pharmic value.

目的：本文对糖槭叶中的总黄酮含量进行测定。方法：采用紫外-可见分光光度法对糖槭叶中总黄酮含量进行测定。结果：糖槭叶中总黄酮含量为1.035mg/g。结论：糖槭叶中含有丰富的黄酮类化合物，具有可观的药用开发价值。

Optimum extraction conditions were determined as follows, to blade, temperature 80℃, time 2 h, 80% EtOH as extracting solvent, the ratio of solid to liquid 1:10, extracting for three times, the extraction rate of total flavonoids 61.13%; to rhachis, temperature 80℃, time 1 h, 70% EtOH as extracting solvent, stock ratio 1:10, extracting for three times, the extraction rate of total flavonoids 71.71%.

结果表明，在浸提3次条件下，得到叶片总黄酮最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度80%、固液比为1：10、提取温度80℃、提取时间2h，在此条件下香椿叶片总黄酮提取率为61.13%；叶轴总黄酮最佳提取条件为：乙醇浓度70%、固液比为1：10、提取温度80℃、提取时间1h，在此条件下香椿叶轴总黄酮提取率为71.71%。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。