黄土的

The trials on cultivation of Atriplex canescensconducted in Minqin Desert Control Experiment Station reveals that this speciesentails fine qualities as strong tolerance in drought, cold, salinity and low temperatureas well as high annual biomass. So it cab be extended in sandy areas with favorableirrigation condition, and on hilly in loess plateau with relatively high rainfall and lowevaporation. As a new substitute species for water/soil conservation and rangelandregeneration, it has a big potential to be extended. However, more research on withinwhich scope this species can be extended need to be done

从干旱沙区民勤治沙综合试验站的栽培来看，四翅滨藜在此地表现出了耐旱、耐寒、耐盐碱、耐低温且年生长量大的优良特性，因此可以在有灌溉条件的沙区和降雨较多且蒸发较小的黄土丘陵区进行推广，作为该地区的水土保持和草场更新的新物种，具有一定的推广潜力，但推广地域范围的划分，仍需进一步的试验研究和充分的科学论证。

Analyzed on the tunnels that used EPB method in different soils, the more logical three-dimensional finite element model is based, which can reality represented the soil transfiguration. 3 Due to the engineering example, a 3D FEM simulation model was founded. The model was used to study the rules of soil deformation and surface settlement during shield tunneling. 4 The characteristics of loess include the module, conglutination force and inner friction angle of the loess, affected the soil deformation. 5 The influence factors to the surface settlements such as the depth of soil, the outer diameter of the shield tunnel, the released stress at the cutting face, the fill ratio of the shield tail void, pouring-slurry press, thrusts and lengths of shield and digging steps were studied using the FEM method. References is brought forward in the loess areas of Xi'an was proposed.

通过对不同土质条件下盾构法进行地铁隧道施工的有限元分析，全面反映盾构推进对土体变形的影响情况； 3根据有关勘测资料，建立合理的盾构法施工三维非线性有限元模型，对盾构法施工引起的地层变位和地表位移情况进行计算，分析了盾构施工引起的地层变形规律和地面沉降规律； 4研究了黄土特性(地基模量、粘聚力和内摩擦角)对盾构法施工中土体变形的影响； 5利用三维有限元对盾构施工过程中影响地面沉降的因素(覆土厚度、隧道外径、开挖面压力变化量、注浆压力、盾尾空隙填充率、开挖步长、盾构机的长度和推进力等)进行研究，为今后西安地区地铁的建设提供参考。

China, although in change, but that broad grand palace still stood erect in there, Beijing, we look up to sacred Imperial Palace, just liked passes through in 5000 by it, all previous dynasties emperor's soul has been surging; That tumbling's mother river was still roaring, she not old, the yellow only represents China's color, that deep our livelihood color turned the whitecap to wash China's hero, billowing east; That deep sleep's green big dragon still wound in the world roof, that greatest the Great Wall procession which makes one praise to the heavens in there protector's all China descendants, is guarding, and is ridiculing that crowd of ants yi; That crowd the blood and sweat spread in the deep loess ground industrious people, still in breeding from generation to generation, that spirit, the Confucian thoughts which, the historian pinnacle of poetic creation, the literature treasure, the mysterious Chinese medicine that inherited, but also had the pride which the achievement dragon taught other people, took Chinese people's be proud, took in the world still the magnificent ancient nation not to be possible to blaspheme only, our full laughing, because of us, because our nationality was such great makes one kneel mysteriously bends down in ground lies prostrate in worship, our country was industrious brave has the bright cultural people by a crowd to be composed honestly like this, we loved motherland!!

China，尽管在改变，但是那恢弘雄伟的宫殿仍屹立在那里，北京，我们仰望神圣的故宫，恍如透过它穿越了5000年，历代皇帝的灵魂在激荡；那翻滚的母亲河仍然在咆哮，她没有苍老，黄色只是代表中国的颜色，那深厚的我们赖以生存的颜色翻着白浪淘尽了中国的英雄，滚滚东去；那沉睡的青色巨龙仍蜿蜒在世界的最高处，那最伟大的令人叹为观止的万里长城盘窝在那里守护者所有的华夏子孙，守卫着、并嘲笑着那群蝼蚁般的蛮夷；那一群将血汗播撒在深黄土地上的勤劳的人们，仍然在一代一代的孕育下去，那精神，那传承下去的儒家思想、史家绝唱、文学瑰宝、神奇的中医，还有作为龙的传人的骄傲，作为炎黄子孙的自豪，作为世界上唯一仍旧辉煌的文明古国的不可亵渎，我们酣畅淋漓的大笑，因为我们自己，因为我们的民族是那样的伟大神奇令人跪伏在地上顶礼膜拜，我们的国家是由这样一群勤劳勇敢正直拥有灿烂文化的人们组成的，我们所爱的祖国！！

Brought forward and reasoned the forming mechanism of Maowusu sandy land. Based on the analysis of the development of Holocene rivers and related loess and windsandy geomorphology, the paper put forward the forming mechanism of Maowusu sandy land as follows: while the climate became dry, the exterior channels extended backwardly and cut through the remained lake system of ancient Hetao lake. This resulted in the rapid discharge of underground water. The vegetation living on this water resource was destroyed completely. Then the sand began to form.

对毛乌素沙地的形成机制进行了新的探索基于对过渡地带全新世河流及其相关的黄土和风沙地貌发育、土地利用变化等分析，提出毛乌素沙地的形成机制：在气候变干的同时，外流河谷溯源延伸，切穿了长城以北河套古湖残遗湖系，使地表地下水迅速外泄，原靠湖系水资源维系的生长在河套古湖湖滨沙堤形成的沙地上的非地带植被的生存条件被彻底摧毁，而起沙。

In order to explore the grain-size distribution characteristics and geo-genetic types of land desertification in Mo Us desert, the research on the grain-size characteristics of sediments since late Pleistocene has been carried out in the desert area and neighboring area such as inside desert, sand covered loess plateau, loess plateau and river valley. The research result shows that sediments of different geologic genetic types are the fundamental material source of sandy desertification in these areas and the distinguishing of different types of the sediments is the theoretical basis of classification of different geogenetic type of sandy desertification. The contribution of different geological roles on the land desertification and its significance to prevent and deal with the land desertification have also discussed.

为了研究毛乌素沙地沉积物的粒度特征与土地沙漠化的地质成因类型，通过系统研究沙地及相邻地区晚更新世以来在沙地内部、覆沙黄土区、黄土高原和河流谷地与湖泊等不同地质构造地貌条件下所形成的沉积物粒度特征，指出不同地质成因类型的沉积物是这些地区土地沙漠化的物质基础，区分不同类型的沉积物也是构成不同地质成因类型土地沙漠化分类的理论基础，探讨了不同地质作用对土地沙漠化的贡献及其对土地沙漠化防治方面的意义。

Most species' populations were decline in last fifty years, especially since the last 1980's, the populations such as Alpine Musk Deer, Przewalski's Gazelle and Red Deer etc. declined dramatically;(5) Desertification and grassland degredation are obviously affected by climate change on macrographic scale, anthropogenic activities is an important driving role for desertification, herbing, land-development and urbanization have majority impact to biodiversity spatial pattern and its loss.

祁连山区动物资源组成成分复杂，总体上缺乏自身特有的种类，哺乳动物区系特点不很突出，既包含了东部黄土高原和东南湿润地区的兽类成分，又不乏青藏高原特有种类，同时还与新疆的动物区系有一定的联系，近50年来尤其自上个世纪80年代以来，多数种类的种群数量呈下降趋势，其中以马麝、普氏原羚、马鹿等物种的数量下降的最为显著；（5）土地沙漠化和草地退化在宏观尺度上受气候因素影响较大，人类活动对荒漠化的加速发展起着重要的驱动作用，尤其是放牧、土地开发和城镇化建设对生物多样性资源减少以及空间分布格局影响较大。

The increased amount of non--exchangeable NH4^＋-N during the incubation indicated as the following tendency, namely, Eum-Orthic Anthrosols 〉 Los - Orthic Entisols 〉 Hap-Ustic Isohumisols 〉 Ust-Sandiic Entisols. Organic material influenced significantly the increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N （P was 0.0002, 0.0004 and 0.0003 when incubated at 20 d, 50 d and 60 d, respectively）. NH4^＋-N increased remarkably when Stlpa bungeana and Medicago sativa were added compared with no addition. The contents of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N increased significantly when added （NH4）2SO4 compared without addition at 20 d, 40 d and 60d of incubation and P was 0.0037, 0.0033 and 0.0027, respectively. It was the result that the NH4^＋-N from （NH4）2 SO4 was fixed within the soil. The increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N increased significantly for different soils, on which different vegetation types grew before the collection of soil samples, when incubated at 20 d （P=0.0434）, but not significantly at 40 d and 60d （P=0.7378 and 0.5375）. The increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N in the soil, on which crop straw and nitrogen fertilizer had been incorporated for a long-term period, was larger than that of no addition, but it was not significantly different among these two fertilization models. Soil clay, total N and organic matter were positively correlated remarkably with the contents of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N, the increased amount of non-exchangeable NH4^＋-N had no correlation with soil clay, whereas it had significantly positive correlation with total N and organic matter.

培养期间非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量均表现为以土垫旱耕人为土最大，其次是黄土正常新成土，简育干润均腐土和干湿砂质新成土较小；添加有机物料极显著影响培养期间的非交换性NH4^＋-N增加量（培养20d、40d和60d时P分别为0.0002，0.004和0.0003），表现为紫花苜蓿和长芒草土壤非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量均极显著高于不添加有机物料的对照土壤；在培养20d、40d和60d时，加（NH4）2SO4土样非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量显著大于不加（NH4）2SO4土样（户分别为0.0037，0.0033和0.0027），这是土壤对（NH4）2SO4中NH4^＋-N固定的必然结果；不同植被类型土壤培养20d时的非交换性NH4^＋-N增加量差异显著（P=0.0434），培养40d和60d时差异不显著（p分别为0.7378和0.5375）；长期秸秆和氮肥配施土壤非交换性NH4^＋-N增加量大于不施肥对照土壤，但差异不显著土壤黏粒、全氮和有机质与培养0d、20d、40d和60d时土壤的非交换性NH4^＋-N含量均呈极显著正相关；而非交换性NH4^＋-N的增加量与粘粒无相关性，但与全氛和有机质呈显著正相关。

There are three effects that may be important in producing this trend. First, lowtemperature oxidation preferentially affects the finer single-domain magnetites responsible for the Hopkinson peak, which is therefore suppressed in the more oxidized loams. Second, the possible production of uniaxial magnetite with shape anisotropy can also lead to a relatively muted Hopkinson peak. There is, additionally, a third alternative, and the one preferred here, that the natural alteration processes involved in pedogenic susceptibility enhancement have probably depleted the supply of ironbearing precursor phases, so that less new magnetite is formed on heating.

产生这种特殊热磁性质的可能原因如下：第一，成土过程中的低温氧化作用减弱了磁铁矿的Hopkinson效应；第二，可能是成土过程中生成的一向延长的针状磁铁矿颗粒表现出较弱的Hopkinson效应；第三，随着成土作用增强，现代黄土、黑垆土中的硅酸盐、粘土矿物因受土壤化作用分解而越来越少，加热过程中分解产生的磁铁矿造成的磁化率增强相对于其初始磁化率也就越来越小，从而产生越来越弱的Hopkinson/alteration峰，本文认为这是最主要的原因。

For each strategy, a corresponding exploitation plan of groundwater was designed. Then each designed exploitation plan (except scheme 3) was put into the model for calculation and simulation. The analysis on the forecasting results every plan indicates that:(1) Shuting down the self-provided wells is the most direct and effective method, playing an important role in the land subsidence prevention.(2) The resumption of compressed soil by groundwater artificial recharge is limited. So the artificial recharge can\'t provide essential effect for the resumption of land subsidence, unless the artificial recharge is much more than the groundwater withdrawal.(3) The method of "adjusting the exploitation stratum of groundwater to the shallow" has an obvious effect on the land subsidence prevention.(4)"Sand wells" can increase the leakage recharge for confined aquifer, and thus can slow and prevent the development of the land subsidence.(5) For the groundwater exploitation in Xi\'an, emergency self-provided wells should be managed according to the well spacing of 1600m, 2000m and 1600m, respectively, in the river terrace area, alluvial-proluvial fan area and loess tableland area to exploit the first confined groundwater. Corresponding individual well yield can be set as 2500m~3/d, 1500 m~3/d and 200 m~3/d. Make emergency self-provided wells pump in the dry year and stop pumping groundwater to restore and conserve underground water sources in average years and wet years. In this way, groundwater withdrawal of 162000m~3/d can be obtained to provide for the supplement of water supply in Xi\'an. As a result, the water supply stress can be released in dry years. The groundwater depression formed in the exploiting year can resume in 3-4 years. At the same time, this exploitation manner will not lead to obvious land subsidence.

本文利用所建的模型预测了现状开采条件下未来20年的地下水位和地面沉降的变化，在此基础上，提出了防治西安市地面沉降的五个地下水开采方案，利用所建的地面沉降模型对各个设计方案其进行了模拟和预报，对预测结果的分析表明：①封停自备井是防治地面沉降最为直接和最有效的对策，对防治地面沉降起着最为积极的作用；②采用人工回灌方法使被压缩的土层得到的恢复是非常有限的，对地面沉降不能起到根治作用，只有回灌量明显大于开采量时才能有一定的效果；③&调整开采层次，在浅层取水&对防治地面沉降的效果十分明显；④布设&砂井&可以增加对承压含水层的越流补给量，从而可以有效地缓解和控制地面沉降的发生和发展；⑤对西安市的地下水开采，可在河流阶地区、冲洪积扇区和黄土塬区分别采用1600m、2000m、1600m的井间距布置应急自备井，分别采用2500m~3/d、1500 m~3/d和200 m~3/d的单井开采量，开采第一承压水，在平水年或者丰水年不开采，涵养地下水源，在枯水年启动这些应急自备井开采，在输出分析范围内共可获得162000 m~3/d(5913万m~3/a)开采量，可以有效地补充西安市的供水水源，缓解供水紧张局面，开采年开采导致的下降的水位可在停采3～4年后得到基本恢复，同时，这种开采方式不会造成大的地面沉降量。

I pondered for a long time for the wild apricot write such a poem: in March, your hard Zhigan flashing red / bright flowers, full of festivity Yang / first ray of morning breeze in your Zuiwo Hong Hing / The first round of the Rising Sun will be your rainbow dream sublimation / At this point, you do not calm / dry thin soil slopes of the low-lying land is also very attractive / just because you have scattered red cherry / let loess experienced a glorious wedding / apricot, you have a wild wild long plant / plush velvet acid fruit revealed the life experience of your / you're just waiting for June where Tiantiandixiao the / could be your heart is still sealed so bitter / This is what you do, wild apricot / dedication of the fruit, after the dedication of the nuclear / and you are shaking like that golden leaves / quietly falling.

我思索的久了，为野杏树写下这样一首诗：三月，你坚硬的枝杆闪着红光/耀眼的花朵扬满喜气/第一缕晨风醉卧在你的香馨里/第一轮旭日将你的霓梦升华/此时，你不平静/干廋的土坡洼地也很迷人/只因你散落的红樱/也让黄土经历了一次光彩的婚礼/杏树，你着野生野长的植物/毛绒绒的酸果表露出你的身世/只等六月里你甜甜地笑了/可你密封的心仍是那样苦涩/这就是你吗，野杏树/奉献了果，奉献了核之后/你又是那般摇着金黄的叶子/不声不响地飘落。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。