黄土

River hydrological process and corresponding coverage of forest in watersheds in middle Loess Plateau were analyzed in this paper.

文章对黄土高原中部24个水文监测站点的河流水文过程特征与相应的流域森林覆盖比率之间的关系进行了统计分析研究。

It is in the Loess Plateau and the Ordos Plateau transition zone, elevation 120-1500 meters.

这是黄土高原与鄂尔多斯高原过渡区，海拔120—1500米。

Variation of soil organic phosphorus fractions and contents under different tillages for long term was studied in the layer of 0~5cm, 5~10cm, 10~30cm of calcareous soil in the Loess Plateau of central Gansu with the Bowman-Cole method.

采用Bowman和Cole提出的有机磷分级体系，对陇中黄土高原0~5cm、5~10cm、10~30cm不同耕作方式下土壤有机磷的组成变化进行了研究。

Abrupt changes in available K resulted from the falling of fine tephra of the YTT eruption, and its abnormal zone about 1 meter thick implied that the fine tephra of the YTT eruption falling in wide provenances of loess was secondly carried with eolian dust into the loess Plateau of China by the East Asian winter monsoon during the early stage of the last glacial period.

固定铵的异常主要记录了YTT事件所产生的酸雨沉降，速效钾的异常则是由于YTT微细火山灰尘在黄土剖面及其广阔的物源区伴随酸雨沉降的结果，厚达1m的异常带表明末次冰期冬季风逐渐强盛和南移的过程。

A series of triaxial shear tests with controlled suction and net constant confining pressure and the tests with controlled water content and constant confining pressure were conducted to study the effects of deformation,strength and yield properties of unsaturated undisturbed loess Q2 with suctions or initial water contents.

共进行2种12个原状Q2黄土试样的三轴剪切试验，即控制吸力和净围压为常数的非饱和土三轴排水剪切试验与控制初始含水量和围压为常数的三轴剪切试验。

As for the plain itself, imagine an ancient sea that the Yellow River pumped full of Mongolian bess and made into a vast ocher-colored expanse of ground, flat as a pavement and thickly sown with the villages of ninety million people.

至于中原本身，可以想象出它在古代原是汪洋一片。黄河携带着厚厚的蒙古高原上的黄土，直泄在这里，造成了黄褐色的广阔陆地，就象铺筑的地面一样平坦，上面村庄星罗棋布，居住着九千万人口。

For each strategy, a corresponding exploitation plan of groundwater was designed. Then each designed exploitation plan (except scheme 3) was put into the model for calculation and simulation. The analysis on the forecasting results every plan indicates that:(1) Shuting down the self-provided wells is the most direct and effective method, playing an important role in the land subsidence prevention.(2) The resumption of compressed soil by groundwater artificial recharge is limited. So the artificial recharge can\'t provide essential effect for the resumption of land subsidence, unless the artificial recharge is much more than the groundwater withdrawal.(3) The method of "adjusting the exploitation stratum of groundwater to the shallow" has an obvious effect on the land subsidence prevention.(4)"Sand wells" can increase the leakage recharge for confined aquifer, and thus can slow and prevent the development of the land subsidence.(5) For the groundwater exploitation in Xi\'an, emergency self-provided wells should be managed according to the well spacing of 1600m, 2000m and 1600m, respectively, in the river terrace area, alluvial-proluvial fan area and loess tableland area to exploit the first confined groundwater. Corresponding individual well yield can be set as 2500m~3/d, 1500 m~3/d and 200 m~3/d. Make emergency self-provided wells pump in the dry year and stop pumping groundwater to restore and conserve underground water sources in average years and wet years. In this way, groundwater withdrawal of 162000m~3/d can be obtained to provide for the supplement of water supply in Xi\'an. As a result, the water supply stress can be released in dry years. The groundwater depression formed in the exploiting year can resume in 3-4 years. At the same time, this exploitation manner will not lead to obvious land subsidence.

本文利用所建的模型预测了现状开采条件下未来20年的地下水位和地面沉降的变化，在此基础上，提出了防治西安市地面沉降的五个地下水开采方案，利用所建的地面沉降模型对各个设计方案其进行了模拟和预报，对预测结果的分析表明：①封停自备井是防治地面沉降最为直接和最有效的对策，对防治地面沉降起着最为积极的作用；②采用人工回灌方法使被压缩的土层得到的恢复是非常有限的，对地面沉降不能起到根治作用，只有回灌量明显大于开采量时才能有一定的效果；③&调整开采层次，在浅层取水&对防治地面沉降的效果十分明显；④布设&砂井&可以增加对承压含水层的越流补给量，从而可以有效地缓解和控制地面沉降的发生和发展；⑤对西安市的地下水开采，可在河流阶地区、冲洪积扇区和黄土塬区分别采用1600m、2000m、1600m的井间距布置应急自备井，分别采用2500m~3/d、1500 m~3/d和200 m~3/d的单井开采量，开采第一承压水，在平水年或者丰水年不开采，涵养地下水源，在枯水年启动这些应急自备井开采，在输出分析范围内共可获得162000 m~3/d(5913万m~3/a)开采量，可以有效地补充西安市的供水水源，缓解供水紧张局面，开采年开采导致的下降的水位可在停采3～4年后得到基本恢复，同时，这种开采方式不会造成大的地面沉降量。

In this paper, necessity of water saving agriculture in Loess plateau wasanalysized, and main types of regulating soil water techniques were sumed up as below, the aimof regulating soil water could be got by use of building up fertilizer, crop rotation, intermitentfallowing soil, drought resistant breeding, water savins run-off agriculture and chemical method.

通过对黄土高原节水农业必要性的分析，并总结出调水技术的主要类型为：培肥地力以肥调水；轮作倒茬调水；间隙休闲调水；抗旱育种调水；节水灌溉调水；径流农业调水和化学技术调水。

According to statistics after the foundation of the PRC, each year the yellow river takes away from the loess plateau 1.6 billion tons of sand, of which 3/4 silts at the sea port and the rest of which silts in the riverways of the lower reach.

根据建国后的统计，黄河每年从黄土高原上带来16亿吨，估计其中的3/4淤积在入海口附近，1/4淤积在下游河道里

More and more study on cap-pile groups-soil interaction of bridge pile in loess area has been paid attention to.

黄土的工程特性和地层分布具有其自身的特点，黄土区桥梁桩基桩—土—承台共同工作的研究越来越受到工程界和学术界的关注。

And discuss some key point of integrated management system design, include hazard identification and risk assessment and risk control in the occupational health and safety management, the measure of satisfaction target of customer, the flawlessness of law system, the integration of the integrated management system and enterprise standardization system, unify lead institution and work orgnization, integreted internal audit and integrated management review.

同时，论述了一体化管理体系构建中的几个主要问题，包括职业健康安全管理中的危险源辨识、风险评价和风险控制、顾客满意度的科学监测、法律、法规体系的完善、一体化管理体系与企业标准化体系的有机结合、统一的领导机构和工作机构、一体化的内部审核和管理评审。

Deepwater Taranaki is investigated for its petroleum potential, using all available seismic data tied to shallow-water wells.

运用与浅水井相关的现有全部震波探测数据考察了深海区塔拉纳基盆地的油藏前景。