黄化

Tricholoma may be a paraphyletic genus two. The collections identified as T. caligatum is a mixture. Some parts of them from France are members of T. matsutake, the other parts from North America are closed to T. bakamatsutake and T. fulvocastaneum. Tricholoma robustum and T. focale form a clade which is obviously a sister group of the stirp Subannulate. The stirp Caligata was defined as a group mainly on the basis of the predominant veil. But from the result of molecular systematic analysis, the presence of veil is not a stable character in the matsutake group. Species having symbiosis with conifers and broad leaf tree are all transformed from those whose host specificity is not strict. The phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences resembled the tree of NJ algorithm based on cladistic coding. In the phylogenetic tree based on morphylogical characters, T. zangii and T. bakamatsutake form a clade, but it is the result of convergent evolution as suggested by molecular analyses. The distribution area of the matsutake group can be divided into six regions: middle and northern Europe region, Mediterranean region, Hengduan Mount.— Southeastern Tibet region, Northeastern China—Japan—Far-east Russia region, the Atlantic—North America region and the Rocky Mountain region. The abundance center of the matsutake group are Hengduan Mount.—Southeastern Tibet region and the Rocky Mountain region. Hengduan Mount.

松口蘑群的分子系统学研究得出的结果有：由于粗壮口蘑和羽衣口蘑明显和亚环族(Tricholoma，section subannulate)的种类是来自同一个谱系，和其它松口蘑群的种不具有最近共同祖先，因此松口蘑群是一个多系群；松口蘑群和口蘑属其他种类的亲缘关系比和蜜环菌属更接近；梭柄松苞菇和松口蘑群的差距明显小于油黄口蘑(T.flavovirens)和棕灰口蘑；口蘑属是一个多系群；鉴定为欧洲口蘑的标本明显不是一个单系群，其中一部分是松口蘑，另一部分和黄褐口蘑及傻松口蘑(T.bakamatsutake)比较接近；划分松口蘑群的标准是菌环的存在，但从分子系统学的结果来看，菌环的存在与否并非是一个很稳定的性状；和针叶树专性共生及和阔叶树专性共生均由寄主专化性不强的种类转化而来；在形态学系统发育树上青冈口蘑和傻松口蘑被聚为一个分枝，分子系统学的研究结果表明，这是趋同进化的结果；用支序方法编码作出的NJ树的结果更接近ITS序列的结果。

The advances of the composition and function of xanthophyll cycle in higher plants, the structure, biochemical properties and regulation of violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase, and convertibility and localization of xanthophyll during the last few years are reviewed.

对近几年来植物体内叶黄素循环的组成、能、菜黄素脱环氧化酶和玉米黄素环氧化酶的结构、化性质和调节，以及叶黄素的可转变性、位等方面的研究进展作了综述。

Effect on birds community:Through the analysis of the correlation between the birds amount and frequency in the 9 parks and the 12 structure indexes of the parks,we reach the conclusion that Passer rutilans and Turdus merula are mostly effected by the area of the habitat, while Carduelis spinus,Parus venustulus,Aegithalos concinnus,Anthus hodgson,Paradoxornis webbianus and Trachybaptus ruficollis are mostly effected by humanlnterference.

对鸟类的影响：通过对市区9个公园的生境破碎化相关的结构、连通性、隔离度、人为干扰等12个特征变量与鸟类数量和出现频率的相关分析，发现常见鸟类中，麻雀和乌鸫对生境面积存在显着的相关关系；而黄雀、黄腹山雀、红头长尾山雀、树鹨、棕头雅雀以及小鸊鷉受到人为干扰的影响较为明显；白头鹎和珠颈斑鸠的数量与生境斑块的形状指数呈负相关；麻雀的数量随着斑块中灌木层密度的增加而上升；白鹡鸰随着乔覆盖度的增加而减少。

In model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, also from Brassicaceae, the TRANSPARENT TESTA 12 (TT12, AtTT12) gene is seed coat-specific and encodes a vacuolar flavonoid/H+ antiporter, transporting cytoplasm-synthesized glycosylated flavan-3-ols to the vacuoles for further polymerization into seed coat pigments.

同属十字花科的模式植物拟南芥中，种皮特异表达的TT12（透明种皮12，AtTT12）基因编码一种液泡型类黄酮/H+-逆向转运蛋白，将胞浆内合成的糖苷化的黄烷-3-醇转运到液泡中，供进一步聚合形成种皮色素。

Experimental study indicated: the flavone of rhizome drynaria can improve the cytoactive of marrow stroma cell of rats, promote its multiplicative division, and protect the marrow stroma cells' apotosis with lipidsion.The flavone of rhizome drynaria's serum can extently protect the osteoblast apoptosis of rats induced by TNF-α and the osteoblast senescence of rats induced by t-BHP.

实验研究表明：骨碎补总黄酮能够提高大鼠骨髓基质细胞的活性，促进其增殖分裂，并对脂质化大鼠骨髓基质细胞凋亡具有保护作用，而且骨碎补总黄酮含药血清对TNF-α诱导的大鼠成骨细胞凋亡和t-BHP诱导的大鼠成骨细胞衰老均具有一定的保护作用。

Optical control of the primary step of photoisomerization of the retinal molecule in bacteriorhodopsin from the all-trans to the 13-cis state was demonstrated under weak field conditions (where only 1 of 300 retinal molecules absorbs a photon during the excitation cycle) that are relevant to understanding biological processes.

在弱场条件下（整个兴奋周期中，300个视黄醛分子中只有一个吸收光子），细菌视紫红质中视黄醛分子的从全反式到13－顺式状态的光致异构化的最初阶段的光学控制被阐明，这与生物学过程的理解有关。

When the concentration of NaCl was further increased to 8%, the cells of P. chrysosporium were deformed and plasma was completely vacuolated, indicative of a severe damage of P. chrysosporium. The DNA similarity was reduced to blow 67% and the rate of abnormal cells was increased to about 90%. The cells of P. chrysosporium thus essentially lost their original structure and function.

chrysosporium的结构与功能产生不良影响；NaCl浓度≥8%可对黄孢原毛平革菌产生严重损伤，细胞变形严重，空泡化，DNA相似度降至67%以下，异常细胞量约90%，表明此浓度范围可使黄孢原毛平革菌基本丧失了原有的结构与功能。

However, more work needs to be done to elucidate the absence of EGF driven proliferation in luteinizing but not non-luteinized granulosa cells.

然而，更多的工作需要做，以探讨表皮生长因子缺乏驱动扩散的促黄体，但不是非黄素化颗粒细胞。本论文共2页，当前在第1页 1 2

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The stability of maize yellow pigment from extruded corn gluten was investigated,the effect of sever- al food additives on maize yellow was also discussed.

从膨化玉米黄粉中提取的天然黄色素是一种安全无毒的食用色素。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。