麦长管蚜

The dominant species of pests is differential in the various seasons: Macrosiphum avenae and Rhophalsiphum padi is dominant species in spring, Delphacidae and Laphygma exigua is dominant species in summer, Helticus minutus and Acrididae is dominant species in autumn.

在害虫中，不同季节优势种不一样，春季的优势种是麦长管蚜和缢管蚜，夏季的优势种是灰飞虱和甜菜夜蛾，秋季的优势种是黑跳盲蝽和土蝗。

Electroantennogram responses to several chemical volatiles of soybean plant were investigated for the following four species of insects: 1 Aphis craccivora Koch and Macrosiphum avenae; 2 Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall, the common nature enemy of Aphis glycines Matsumura which is the pest insect of soybean plant, and of A.craccivora which is not the pest insect of soybean plant; 3 Aphidius picipes Nees, the nature enemy of M.avenae which is not the pest insect of soybean plant.

研究了下列害虫和寄生天敌种类对大豆植株中提取的某些挥发性次生化合物及其不同组合混合相的触角电位反应： 1豆蚜Aphis craccivora Koch和麦长管蚜Macrosiphum avenae；2为害大豆植株的大豆蚜Aphis glycines Matsumura和不为害大豆植株的豆蚜二者所共有的寄生天敌豆柄瘤蚜茧蜂Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall； 3不为害大豆植株的麦长管蚜的寄生天敌燕麦蚜茧蜂Aphidius picipes Nees。

However, few studies have investigated the consequences of induced plant response due to previous insect attack on phloem-feeding insects. Herein we address whether the feeding behaviour and growth of a phloem-feeding insect are affected by host plant changes with scientific research methods using three varieties resistant wheat 98-10-30, Amigo and Batis, which are from three different countries.

本研究通过严谨的实验方法，即选定3个不同国家的小麦抗性品种98-10-30、Amigo和Batis，在所有条件严格统一的人工智能控制温室内，通过各处理在同一植株上先后不同的接蚜方式，分别测定了麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum和麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae Fab。

In addition this study suggested that the wheat variety 98-10-30 and Batis had the same resistance when no aphids fed on them. However, the variety 98-10-30 had better resistance for S. graminum, and the variety Batis had better resistance for S. avenae when they were fed by aphids. The variety Amigo had better resistance for S. graminum under all situations.

同时明确了3个品种对两种蚜虫的抗性状况，即在前期无蚜虫危害时，品种98-10-30和Batis对两种麦蚜的抗性相当；在前期有麦蚜危害时，品种98-10-30对麦二叉蚜的抗性较好，而品种Batis对麦长管蚜的抗性较好；品种Amigo无论在任何处理下均对麦二叉蚜的抗性较好。

The results showed that the aphids were either restrained or promoted when they fed on different treatment crops, compared with the control not fed by aphids and the corresponding treatment previously fed by different aphid species. S. avenae restrained the growth of S. graminum (MRGR=0.0974±0.0071) on 98-10-30, but S. graminum promoted the growth of S. avenae (MRGR=0.1614±0.0048) on 98-10-30. Penetrations of aphids promoted the growth of S. avenae on Amigo, while promoted growth of S. graminum on Batis.

结果表明：品种不同，蚜虫在不同处理条件下取食作物时受到的影响也不同，即在品种98-10-30上，通过与前期不接虫的对照及前期接不同麦蚜的相关处理比较，麦长管蚜对后期取食的麦二叉蚜(MRGR=0.0974±0.0071)具有抑制作用，而麦二叉蚜对后期取食的麦长管蚜(MRGR=0.1614±0.0048)却有促进作用；在品种Amigo上，前期麦蚜的危害对麦长管蚜的取食具有促进作用，而在品种Batis上前期危害对麦二叉蚜的取食具有促进作用。

The resistance mechanism of wheat to insects includes tolerance, nonpreference and antibiosis. The dissertation investigates the wheat mechanism, indicators and standard of resistance to aphid and analyses the relation between four kinds of second substance and the wheat resistance to aphid and research the effect of wheat varieties on carboxylesterase and glutathione-s-transferase according to the tests of three mechanism, the content of second substance and the activity of relative detoxification enzyme.

本文通过不同小麦品种的不选择性、抗生性、次生物质含量及麦长管蚜体内有关解毒酶活性的测定，进一步探讨了小麦的抗蚜机制，探索了小麦的抗蚜指标及鉴定标准；研究分析了小麦中4种重要的次生物质含量与小麦抗蚜性的关系；测定了不同小麦品种对麦长管蚜羧酸酯酶和谷胱苷肽-S-转移酶的影响。

At wheat growth stage, raising experiment in the lab indicates that there are significant differences to M. avenae in the developmental duration and mortality of the nymphae, and the longevity and fecundity of adults among 7 cultivars or lines with different resistance.

室内饲养实验表明，在小麦成长期，供试的7个不同抗性品种对麦长管蚜若蚜发育历期、存活率、成蚜寿命和生殖力有显著的影响。

Secodly, Sitobion avenae data of investigated and monitored and weather data of many years is dividied into different seriary of grade according to speciality standard.

其次，将北京市麦长管蚜多年实际调查、监测数据和天气数据，按照专业等级划分标准，模糊量化为麦长管蚜风险因子等级序列。

The result of correlation analysis is as follows, the series of Sitobion avenae of emergence size and period correlate with temperature, precipitation, a sum of heat and a sum of rain. Weather state factor of temperature-precipitation can be used to forecased the population of Sitobion avenae. A problem of risk probability can be settled by the grade series of calculation and stochastic simulation, order transfer of Markov chain, so table of risk value of cantemperature, precipitation and Sitobion avenae.are list This is a new approach about PRA in plant protection.

相关分析的结果是麦长管蚜发生量和发生期等级序列与温度、降水量等级序列及积温、积雨值密切相关，通过温度-降水量天气相关状态因子可以预测有害生物的发生状况；通过随机模拟风险因子各个序列和马尔柯夫链状态转移概率的计算，得出了有害生物风险分析和预测过程中较难估算的风险概率，并计算出了北京市温度、降水量和麦长管蚜不同等级的发生风险值表，这在植保有害生物风险分析的方法上是一种新的探索。

The results indicate that aphids number ratio have distinct difference among five wheat varieties, and the wheat varieties resistance to aphid are consistent with those in seedling.

以在感蚜的小麦品种上繁殖10代以上的麦长管蚜作为虫源，在5个不同抗性的品种上饲养5日的时间，而后测定各品种上麦长管蚜羧酸酯酶和谷胱苷肽-S-转移酶的活性和酶体系的蛋白含量。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。