鸦片战争

After the Opium War, the form of government and economic pattern of China has changed greatly.

"鸦片战争"之后，中国的国家政体和经济形态发生了巨大转变。

There soon followed the Opium Wars and the Anglo-French invasion of China.

紧接而来的当然是鸦片战争、英法联军了。

EIGHTY miles down the railway from Beijing, Tianjin was for centuries the main port to the Celestial City and the Emperor of Heaven. The foreign powers who occupied it in 1860, in the wake of the second opium war, called it a "concession" or "treaty" port; the Chinese the "ford of heaven".

顺延北京铁路南下80英里之外的天津，数世纪以来一直都是通往那个天朝圣城朝见天子的主要港口。1860年，外国列强在第二次鸦片战争后随即占领了这座城市，将之称为"租界"或"条约"港口；而中国人则称之为"天国的津口"。

In 1840, the British imperialists started the Opium War against China, completely breaking the Celestial Empire of China itself, enjoy the music of the era, to destroy China's culture, and a heavy blow to the Chinese people's national pride, China thus embarked on a downhill path .

1840年，英帝国主义发动了对中国的鸦片战争，彻底打破了中国天朝自居，安享其乐的时代，毁弃了中国的文化，沉重打击了中国人的民族自豪感，中国由此走上了下坡路。

The former, such as "Celestial Empire's collapse - the Opium War re-study" break full of nationalist sentiment in the failure of the Qing empire reduced to misuse of a traitor, loyal model was demoted from the social system, a high degree of contrast to the study of this topic pushed to the an unprecedented new level.

前者如《天朝的崩溃--鸦片战争再研究》冲破饱含民族主义情绪的把清帝国失败归结为误用奸臣、忠臣遭贬的模式，从社会制度对比的高度，把这一课题的研究推到前所未有的新水平。

It will depict the past 169 years of Chinese history chronologically from the Opium War to the present.

这部作品展现了自1840年鸦片战争至今169年来中华民族的伟大复兴过程。

The Opium War opend the long term closed door of China,which is a symbol of the begining of the imperial invasion to China.

鸦片战争打开了中国长期封闭的门户，标志着帝国主义一些列侵略中国领土的开端。

The first Opium War, an excuse for anti-smoking campaign in China, the second Opium War, the pretext that "the incident about yarrow," and the "Father Ma Lai incident."

第一次鸦片战争的借口，是中国的禁烟运动，第二次鸦片战争的借口是"亚罗号事件"和"马神甫事件"。

There is a well-known Chinese and foreign cigarette sales pool, Shajiao Fort Weiyuan Fort ancient battlefield sites, such as the Opium War; a patriotism education base - the Opium War Museum and the naval museum; there Dongguan Museum, Museum of the Opium War Opium War artifacts and even since the New Stone Age relics unearthed; there are village sites and Sally Lake, Jin Ao Chau tower; Guangdong, one of the four famous round can be won, and the Pearl River estuary coastal beauty, rice Hai Lam, Lai Hung Hexiang charming scenery and so on.

这里有中外闻名的销烟池、沙角炮台、威远炮台等鸦片战争古战场遗址；有爱国主义教育基地――鸦片战争博物馆和海战博物馆；有东莞博物馆、鸦片战争博物馆珍藏的鸦片战争文物乃至新石器时代以来的出土文物；有村头遗址和仙鹅湖、金鳌洲塔；有广东四大名圆之一的可圆，以及珠江口滨海秀色、稻海蕉林、荔红荷香等迷人风景。

Take an overall view of the Opium War, it is the beginning of China's modern diplomacy, the signs that Chinese feudal society urned into the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society step by step.

本文主要从耆英在鸦片战争前后的禁烟运动、奉天口岸的防堵活动、鸦片战争中耆英的羁縻外交、耆英在广州的外交活动进行全面论述分析，以期对耆英在鸦片战争时期的外交活动有一个整体而全面的认识。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。