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Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were sequenced in 44 geese of Chinese domestic geese(15 breeds) and European domestic geese(2 breeds). Anatidae molecular clocks was calibrated with 2 consensus sequences which come from Chinese domestic geese and European domestic geese and 13 sequences obtained from GenBank.

本实验测定了中国家鹅15个品种、欧洲鹅2个品种共44个个体的细胞色素b基因全序列，分别取鸿雁和灰雁家鹅的一致序列与GenBank库中的13条鸟类(鸡形目4条、鸭科鸟类9条)细胞色素b基因部分序列(1045bp)共15条序列构成本研究的数据集。

Moreover, we we sequenced the entire mitochondrial DNA control region from 17 charadriiform species, and found that the base composition and distribution of the variable nucleotide sites within the control region were similar to other avian species, but a series of short tandem repeated motifs in the 3' end of domain III made A nucleotides and length increased significantly. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these sequences could not well resolve the relationship among genus in Charadriiformes, but within genera maybe has some valuable phylogenetic information.

此外，本研究测定了鸻形目17种鸟类线粒体调控区序列，发现在碱基组成和进化速率上与其它鸟类相似，但其3'末端的串联重复序列导致domain III长度且A含量显著增加；利用调控区序列未能较好的解决鸻形目属以上水平的分类，但对于解决属内物种间的进化关系具有一定的参考价值。

Twenty two bird species were observed feeding on plant fruits or seeds in the botanical garden, among them, Turdus merula, Pycnonotus sinensis, Cyanopica cyana, Streptopelia orientalis, Urocissa erythrorhyncha and Pica pica were main avian frugivores according to the number of plant species they eated.

南京中山植物园为多种鸟类提供了稳定而多样化的栖息条件和丰富的食物来源，吸引了众多的留鸟和候鸟在这里生活和繁衍。在南京中山植物园内已调查到的鸟类有24科42属54种，包括留鸟25种，夏候鸟14种，冬候鸟13种，旅鸟1种，以及逸出鸟1种。

Combined with phylogenetic reconstruction of the plant groups, and studies on ornithophily in these taxa, it is possible to elucidate the emergence and evolution of the bird-flower coevolution in the Old World.

结合植物类群的系统发育研究以及对其鸟类传粉现象的认识，可以系统地了解鸟类传粉在旧世界温带地区的起源与演化，以及鸟一花协同进化的过程。

Combined with phylogenetic reconstruction of the plant groups, and studies on ornithophily in these taxa, it is possible to elucidate the emergence and evolution of the bird-flower coevolution in the Old World.

结合植物类群的系统发育研究以及对其鸟类传粉现象的认识，可以系统地了解鸟类传粉在旧世界温带地区的起源与演化，以及鸟-花协同进化的过程。

The annual average density was 14.63 per hectare in saline algae zone, 7.50 per hectare in Scirpus marqueter/Scirpus triqueter zone and 1 .59 per hectare in reed zone;(4) The avian community similarity in between adjoining stages of vegetation succession was higher than that in between apart stages.

对不同季节的植被演替阶段鸟类群落相似性进一步比较发现，任何一个季节S_1和S_3的值均分别大于S_2；(5)鸟类群落的多样性与群落中优势种华东师范大学2004届硕L学位论文中文摘要所占的数量比例呈负相关。

The migration birds and local settle down the birds excrement fromairborne descends to in the farm open area, then, volatilizes to theair in or mixes the chicken group and in the cow group feed, theauthor believes latter possible bigger somewhat.

迁移的鸟类和本地定居的鸟类粪便从空中降落到农场的空地上，然后，挥发到空气中或者混合到鸡群和牛群的饲料里，作者更相信后者的可能性更大一些。

She found, as she had hypothesised, that co-operatively breeding birds routinely have stronger immune responses to PHA than closely related species that do not breed co-operatively.

她发现，正如她所设想的一样，有合作哺育行为的鸟类通常会有比无此行为的相近物种的其他鸟类更强的免疫反映。

The cladogram proposed in the present paper also suggests that the maniraptoran Troodontidae and Oviraptoridae should have the branched feathers, and that feathers evolve and initially diversify in terrestrial theropod dinosaurs before the origin of birds and their flight.

本文给出的奔龙类系统关系图还显示：伤齿龙类和窃蛋龙类也应该发育了具有羽干及羽片的羽毛结构，而且羽毛已不再是鸟类所特有的特征，它早在鸟类及其飞行产生之前就已经存在并且有相当程度的分化。

Not only do co-operative breeders interact closely with many more individuals than non-co-operative birds, but these individuals are also usually close relatives.

不仅合作哺育的鸟类之间的联系比非合作哺育的物种更加密切，而且这些进行合作的鸟类本身还是近亲。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。