鸟类

Avian influenza, or fowl plague, is a potentially devastating disease, predominantly of chickens and turkey s, although the virus can also affect game birds, ratites, psittacine and passerine birds.

禽流感，也叫真性鸡瘟，是一种潜在的毁灭性的疾病，主要感染鸡和火鸡，同时也可感染鸟类，平胸鸟类，鹦鹉和雀形目鸟类。

Avian influenza, or fowl plague, is a potentially devastating disease, predominantly of chickens and turkeys, although the virus can also affect game birds ( pheasant s, partridge and quail), ratites, psittacine and passerine birds.

禽流感，也叫真性鸡瘟，是一种潜在的毁灭性的疾病，主要感染鸡和火鸡，同时也可感染鸟类，平胸鸟类，鹦鹉和雀形目鸟类。

Identification of bird feather by microscopical technology is to use light microscope or electronic microscope to observe and examine the appropriately treated feather so as to obtain the differences of micro-structures between different species of birds. These micro-structures, associated with taxology of birds, can be used to distinguish, identify and recognise different species of birds.

中文摘要：鸟羽显微鉴定即使用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对经适当处理的鸟羽材料的细微结构进行观察，发现不同物种鸟类羽毛的显微结构差异，主要根据显微镜观察到的鸟羽上独特的结构差异，结合宏观的鸟类分类系统知识，从而达到鸟类物种区分、鉴定、识别的效果。

Measurements of the length of the hindlimb bones indicated that the tibiotarsus is invariably the largest among the three major leg bones.

即在所有鸟类的后肢骨骼中，胫跗骨的长度占3块骨骼的比例为最大；地栖鸟类后肢骨骼中股骨的长度要短于跗跖骨；树栖鸟类后肢骨骼中股骨的长度要长于跗跖骨。

Animal community structure and diversity showed the marked seasonal changes., The maximum of Arthropods individual number, species number and species diversity were in late July - early August. The groups number of soil animals was the maximum in summer, and the individual number was the maximum in autumn. The species number of birds; was the maximum in spring, the main species of bird community were migratory birds in spring and summer, and the main species of bird community were resident birds in autumn and winter.

节肢动物群落在7月下旬-8月初具有最高的物种数、个体数和多样性指数；土壤动物群落在夏季具有最高的类群数，秋季具有最高的个体数量和多样性指数；鸟类群落在春季具有最高的鸟种组成，春夏季节鸟类群落的主体是候鸟，秋冬季节鸟类群落的主体是留鸟。

The cluster and ordination of the sample lines based on annual change in the same line transect in small scale, or on seasonal changes among the different line transects in large scale, or on them together.

中国东部季风地区鸟类群落的聚类或排序以小尺度上相同样线上鸟类组成的全年变化来进行，也以大尺度上不同样线鸟类的季节组成来进行，或两者结合进行。

The homology of the Myostatin sequences was analyzed among species. The results showed that the mature region DNA for Myostatin of Jinhua pig has the similarity of 100%% 97%, 95%, 95%, 93%, 93%, 93%, 89%, 90%, 89%, 87%, 87%, 86%, 86%, 86%, 85% and 76% compared with that of pig, horse, human, monkey, cow, hare, goat, sheep, house mouse, rat, goose, turkey, chicken, pigeon, Xiaoshan chicken, Fan duck and zebrafish respectively. The mature region DNA for Myostatin of Xiaoshan chicken has the identity of 99%, 97%, 93%, 92%, 92%, 87%, 86%, 86%, 86%, 86%, 85%, 85%, 85%, 84%, 84%, 83% and 74% compared with that of chicken, turkey, pigeon, goose. Fan duck, monkey, human, horse, pig, Jinhua pig, house mouse, rat, sheep, hare, goat, cow and zebrafish respectively. The mature region DNA for Myostatin of Fan duck has the homology of 91%, 92%, 92%, 90%, 95%, 84%, 84%, 85%, 85%, 85%, 83%, 81%, 81%, 83%, 81%, 82% and 73% compared with that of chicken, Xiaoshan chicken, turkey, pigeon, goose, monkey, human, horse, pig, Jinhua pig, house mouse, rat, sheep, hare, goat, cow and zebrafish respectively.

将测序结果与GenBank上其它物种的相应序列进行同源性分析，结果显示，金华猪Myostatin与哺乳动物猪、马、人、猴、牛、兔、山羊、绵羊、小家鼠和大鼠的同源性分别为100％、97％、95％、95％、93％、93％、93％、89％、90％和89％，与鸟类鹅、火鸡、鸡、鸽子、萧山鸡和番鸭的同源性分别为87％、87％、86％、86％、86％和85％，与鱼的同源性为76％；萧山鸡Myostatin与鸟类鸡、火鸡、鸽子、鹅和番鸭的同源性分别为99％、97％、93％、92％和92％，与哺乳动物猴、人、马、猪、金华猪、小家鼠、大鼠、绵羊、兔、山羊和牛的同源性分别为87％、86％、86％、86％、86％、85％、85％、85％、84％、84％和83％，与鱼的同源性为74％；番鸭Myostatin与鸟类鸡、火鸡、鸽子、鹅和萧山鸡的同源性分别为91％、92％、90％、95％和92％，与哺乳动物猴、人、马、猪、金华猪、小家鼠、大鼠、绵羊、兔、山羊和牛的同源性分别为84％、84％、85％、85％、85％、83％、81％、81％、83％、81％和82％，与鱼的同源性为73％。

From analyzing Shannon index in five different types of habitats, we discovered transect of crab ponds with reed behind the sea wall(artificial and half-aitificial wetlands) had the highest Shannon index, The results show that this type of habitat is very important to wintering waterfowls. The artificial and half-artificial wetlands are belong to trial regions within the sea wall, Now the situation of waterfowls in Chongming Dongtan is very dangerous .

目前对崇明东滩自然保护区的现状不容乐观，堤内的人工半人工湿地被划入实验区，崇明东滩不断进行的围垦活动，各种各样的地方人为干扰活动(偷猎鸟类、捕捉鳗苗、放牧、放火烧荒等等)都严重影响水鸟的生存状况，加之保护区经费短缺，人员不足，使得崇明东滩鸟类的生存环境不断恶化，严重影响了湿地鸟类的生存和栖息地质量。

Thus , unrestrained tidelands utilization inevitably leads to the competition for habitat between birds and the people , or even destroys the habitat of the birds and reduces their food resources .

这种影响主要体现在破坏鸟类栖息地和减少鸟类食物来源，最终影响到鸟类的生存。

Keeping track of bird movements and numbers is greatly aided by flocks of amateur ornithologists who report their observations to bodies such as the British Trust for Ornithology, and amateur palaeontologists get in on the act when they uncover new fossils.

了解和掌握鸟类迁徙的情况和数量，离不开大批业余鸟类学者的巨大贡献，他们会将自己的观察记录报告给英国鸟类学基金会之类的组织。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。