鸟类

Effect on birds community:Through the analysis of the correlation between the birds amount and frequency in the 9 parks and the 12 structure indexes of the parks,we reach the conclusion that Passer rutilans and Turdus merula are mostly effected by the area of the habitat, while Carduelis spinus,Parus venustulus,Aegithalos concinnus,Anthus hodgson,Paradoxornis webbianus and Trachybaptus ruficollis are mostly effected by humanlnterference.

对鸟类的影响：通过对市区9个公园的生境破碎化相关的结构、连通性、隔离度、人为干扰等12个特征变量与鸟类数量和出现频率的相关分析，发现常见鸟类中，麻雀和乌鸫对生境面积存在显着的相关关系；而黄雀、黄腹山雀、红头长尾山雀、树鹨、棕头雅雀以及小鸊鷉受到人为干扰的影响较为明显；白头鹎和珠颈斑鸠的数量与生境斑块的形状指数呈负相关；麻雀的数量随着斑块中灌木层密度的增加而上升；白鹡鸰随着乔覆盖度的增加而减少。

There were 203 avian species in Dazhanhe Nature Reserve, of which 92 Asseriformes species and 110 non-Asseriformes species were found, and composed mainly of Muscicapidae, Anatidae and Scolopacidae.

结果表明：大沾河自然保护区共有鸟类16目39科203种，其中雀形目鸟类16科92种，非雀形目鸟类111种，种类较多的科有鹅科、雀科、鸭科、鹬科等。

After two-cluster testing,branch length testing and relative rate testing ,two sequences(Melantitta nigra and Aythya americana) of 15 Cty b sequences were deleted because thek evolutionary rate were heterogeneous. The divergence between Anseriformes and Galliformes was chosen as an anchor point. Nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of 13 sequences data set was used to calibrated Anatidae molecular clocks. The results indicated that amino acid sequence is better than nucleotide sequence when divergence time is calculated with two kinds of sequences. The reliable divergence time of Anatidae were estimated with """"1+2TiTv"""" model.

经过二簇检验、分枝长度检验和相对速率检验，删除2条速率不恒定的序列后，用剩余的13条序列，以鸡形目与雁形目的分歧时间(89.8MYA)为锚定点，用顺序标定法标定鸭科鸟类分子钟的分析结果表明，用&1+2TiTv&分析得到的鸭科鸟类的分歧时间比较可靠；氨基酸序列用泊松校正模型和Γ模型估计的分类单元间的分歧时间则比较一致，表明氨基酸序列更适合用于鸭科鸟类分子钟的研究；用同一基因标定分子钟时，较长序列得到的结果标准误比较小；与核苷酸序列相比，氨基酸序列更适于用作分子钟的标定。

Molecular methods of sex identification were studied by amplifying sex gene sequences in five species of ardeidae and one species of threskiornithidae in ciconiiformes birds.

本文以鹳形目5种鹭科鸟类和1种鹮科鸟类的组织为实验材料，采用PCR方法扩增其性别基因相关片段，探讨鹭科鸟类性别的分子鉴定方法。

Landscape difference are not relative with biota index in this research. There are negative between MPFD index and bird index in class level, it meas the mor complex of the land patch shape the lower dird index. And last in LSIM index are negative relative with bird index.

在土地利用层级的地景歧异度分析与生物的歧异度分析结果在本研究中没有相关，在土地利用类别层级的指数计算方面，碎型维度与鸟类歧异度呈现负相关，表示土地使用形状越复杂，鸟类歧异度越小；而最大地景比例的部份，则与鸟类歧异度成负相关。

Fruits eaten by birds are mostly fleshy types such as berries, drupes, pomes and cones, or with their seeds enclosed by fleshy arils, and when ripe, the colors of these fleshy pericarps or arils usually turn conspicuously red, black, and yellow, which are very attractive to frugivorous birds.

适于鸟类取食的植物果实大多数为浆果、核果、梨果及球果等肉质果实，或者种子为肉质的外种皮或假种皮所包被；并且这些肉质的果皮、外种皮及假种皮在果实及种子成熟时通常具有鲜艳的红色、黑色及黄色等颜色，容易被鸟类发现，并吸引鸟类前来取食。

Eagle's type has very much, for example: Big spot vulture, condor, black yuan and so on The eagle and the common birds are a little different, the eagle belongs to the animal class, The common birds belong to the omnivora animal, not too same, This is the experienced bird height 56 centimeter, the chord approximately 417-465 centimeter, the body weight approximately 630-1030 gram, egg 2-5, Bai De has the reddish brown spot approximately, sits on eggs contract 38 day,…A thorough material eagle secondary next four, five small hawks, because their lair is very high, hawk and common birds' difference The eagle for black yuan in Taiwan's popular name, the Taiwanese calls Ye Huoli the wing.

老鹰的种类有很多，例如：大斑鹫、秃鹰、黑鸢等欢迎来到本站，老鹰和一般鸟类有点不同，老鹰属於禽兽类，一般鸟类属於杂食类的动物，不太相同，这就是老成鸟身长约56公分、翼长约417-465公分、体重约630-1030公克、蛋2-5个，白底有红棕色斑点、孵卵期约38天、。。。深入资料老鹰一次生下四、五只小鹰，由於它们的巢穴很高，鹰和一般鸟类的不同老鹰为黑鸢在台湾的俗称，台语称来叶或厉翼。

The floral characters of the ornithophilous plants in China were mostly generalized to adapt to non-nectarivorous birds.

中国的传粉鸟类几乎全部属于雀形目；鸟类传粉现象广泛存在于30余科的植物中，其花部特征表现出对非专性嗜蜜鸟类的适应。

Among them,153 (43 22%),164 (46 33%),and 37 (10 45%) species are the avian of Palaearctic region,Oriental region and Cosmopolitan respectively.

类群多样性分析显示，以中小型鸟类为主的雀形目鸟类对三峡库区鸟类多样性贡献最大，秭归具有最大的类群多样性，而巴东则具有最多的物种数。

The birds of Passeriformes have more important contribution to the group diversity in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Zigui County has the maximal family diversity,while Badong County has the upmost species composition.

类群多样性分析显示，以中小型鸟类为主的雀形目鸟类对三峡库区鸟类多样性贡献最大，秭归具有最大的类群多样性，而巴东则具有最多的物种数。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。