鳃的

Any of several marine fishes of the family Trachinidae,having venomous spines on the gill cover and first dorsal fin.

龙鳖龙鳖科的几种海鱼之一，在鳃盖和第一背鳍上的许多毒刺鱼的鳃和猫的肺是类似物。

There were no pronounced histopathological alterations in gill and liver of fish exposed to 0.01μgL^(-1) lindane.

当林丹浓度为0.01μgL^(-1)时，斑马鱼的鳃和肝组织结构未发生明显变化，而暴露在1.0μgL^(-1)和100.0μgL^(-1)林丹溶液中的斑马鱼的鳃和肝组织结构变化显著。

The results showed that the American shad fingerlings stopped opercular movement less than half an hour after anesthetia when the fish were exposed to concentration of MS-222 at 75mg/L, clove oil at 20mg/L and bezocaine at 40mg/L. The fish recovered to normal behaviors again after exposed in air for less than 10min when transferred into fresh water. The shad fingerlings had good anaesthesia for more than 12h at 20-30mg MS-222/L, 8-10mg/L clove oil and 20-30mg/L benzocaine. The anesthetic effects were enhanced at high water temperature and changed with fish sizes. Small fish were more easily in good anaesthesia than the bigger one in MS-222 while the opposite case was found in clove oil and in benzocaine.

麻醉试验结果表明：在较高麻醉浓度（MS-222为75mg/L以上，丁香油为20mg/L以上，苯唑卡因为40mg/L以上）下，鱼很快（30min内）停止鳃盖张合运动，且停止鳃盖运动的鱼在空气中暴露一定时间（10min内）后也能够复苏；在适宜的麻醉浓度（Ms-222为20~30mg/L，丁香油为8~10mg/L；苯唑卡因为20~30mg/L）下，鱼能够进入麻醉状态，且能保持很长时间(12h)；麻醉效果随着水温的升高而增强；在20mg/L MS-222麻醉剂下，小规格鱼较大规格鱼更容易进入麻醉状态，而在10mg/L丁香油和20mg/L苯唑卡因麻醉剂下，小规格鱼却难进入麻醉状态。

Concentrations of free copper and mucus and other parameters including pH and alkalinity of the gill microenvironment of Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper of various levels were determined using Playle's apparatus.

利用 Playle设计的装置测定了不同铜暴露水平下鲤鱼鳃部进出水中的游离铜离子浓度、粘液含量及有关参数。用MINTEQA2和单配位体模型联合的试算方法计算了不同形态铜含量以及鳃部粘液对铜的络合能力。

Upon a salinity challenge, euryhaline teleosts immediately regulate the functions of many ion transporters and enzymes in the gill mitochondria-rich cells for maintaining their internal homeostasis.

当广盐性鱼类面对环境盐度改变时，鱼类鳃上皮细胞许多位於富含粒线体细胞(mitochondria-rich cell， MR cell)的离子通道就必须及时运作以维持鱼体内的渗透压恒定，由於大多数的离子通道都是需要耗能的主动运输，故鳃是个需要大量能量的器官。

Taking all together, we proposed a energy metabolism model in gill epithelial cells during SW acclimation: The tricarboxylic acid cycle in MR cells is stimulated to produce enormous amount of energy for maintaining homeostasis and ion regulation at the 1st h after transfer to SW.

藉由上述结果，我们认为在鱼类适应不同盐度过程中，其鳃上皮细胞能量代谢的机制如下：当鱼类转移到海水后1st h时，其鳃上的MR cells会进入柠檬酸循环以产生大量的能量给MR cells。

The results indicate that the thyroid gland of grey mullet is dispersedly distributed in the region of the arteria branchialis afferens of the first to the third pair of branchial arches. The monolayer follicle epithelial cells around a follicle were squamous shaped or cuboidal shaped, indicating an asynchrony of cellular activity in a follicle. The scale of the two shapes of cells differed significantly among developmental stages.

结果表明，鲻鱼甲状腺滤泡分散地分布在第1对至第3对鳃弓的入鳃动脉之间；构成同一滤泡的单层上皮细胞呈扁平形和立方形两种形态，反映出同一滤泡中上皮细胞生理活动的不同步，且发现不同发育时期的鲻鱼这两种形态细胞的比例有显著差异。

Hemagglutination activity of lectin samples after treated under different condition was tested, and its stability was evaluated; and agglutinating effect to the microalgae cells and microorganism were observed by an inverted microscope.

方法］测定经各种条件处理过的鳙鳃凝集素样品的血凝活性，评价其稳定性；通过镜检测定鳙鳃凝集素对微藻细胞及各种微生物细胞的凝集作用。

The injured gill cells had a different ultrastructure, with endoplasmic reticulum dilated and vesiculated, mitochondrial cristaes partially disintegrated, gill fibre cuticles denatured and dropped. The ultrastructural damages to hepatopancreatic cells were characterized by the decrease of microvilli, swelling and breaking up of mitochondria, expansion of endoplasmic reticulum, disruption and vacuolization of nucleus, tumefaction of nuclear membrane and increase of lipid droplets. As for the toxicological changes of myocardial cells, the mitochondria were swelling, having a lot of vacuolus and disintegrating, while the myofibrils were irregular with endoplasmic reticulum dissolved.

鳃细胞的损害表现为鳃丝水肿，细胞器溶解，角质层变薄，线粒体、内质网的肿胀、解体；肝胰脏细胞的主要损害特征为肝管微绒毛减少，线粒体水肿解体，内质网扩张，细胞核空泡化，核膜水肿和脂肪滴增加；心脏细胞的毒理变化为线粒体内嵴肿胀、瓦解，肌原纤维不规则，内质网溶解。

The result showed the crude extract of castor-oil plant leaves contains some active substances which are attractive to Holotrichia oblita.

金龟甲的取食反应在华北大黑鳃金龟、铜绿丽金龟、暗黑鳃金龟对不同植物叶片的取食反应试验中，3种金龟甲对蓖麻叶的取食量均最小。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。