鳃弓

Thymus of L japonicus lies in the upper corner on the hack of branchia and on the back of the 4 gill vertebrae.

花鲈胸腺位于鳃腔背侧上角深处，第4鳃弓背侧，紧贴在鳃腔上皮层之下，为鳃盖粘膜所覆盖，呈一对卵圆形的薄片组织。

The outside gill disappeared, the gill arches developed to from the branchia, later the branchia appeared primary protuberance, along with developing, it appeared the secondary protuberance and the third protuberance, until the 36 stage, the stage is the inside gill developing at the peak, later it came into the period of the metamorphosis, the inside gill degenerated, the third protuberance began shrank, next the secondary protuberance and the primary protuberance shrank, finally the gill arches shrank and disappeared, the metamorphosis completed.

内鳃的发育是首先由鳃弓上的突起形成鳃叶，其次鳃叶上出现初级突起，随着进一步发育出现次级突起和三级突起，直到内鳃发育最高峰(胚胎发育的36期)。随后进入变态期，内鳃开始退化，首先是三级突起开始萎缩，其次是次级突起和初级突起，最后是鳃弓，直至鳃弓完全消失，变态完成。

Now, Yashiro et al . show that the transcription factor Pitx2 induces a dynamic morphological change in the outflow tract of the heart, which results in asymmetric blood supply to the branchial arch artery system.

Yashiro等人发现，转录因子Pitx2能在心脏的外流道中诱导产生一个动态的形态变化，这能导致向鳃弓动脉系统的血液供应出现不对称。

Placoderm: Jaw - it came from the gill arch, not gill vascularized soft tissue

盾皮鱼：腭-由鳃弓演变而来，而不是鳃

Sections gill filament tissue(Bar = 303μm);Fig. 3 Morphology of the surface of the gill arch(Bar = 10μm);Fig. 4 Taste bud of the

图1 剑尾鱼鳃弓、鳃耙和鳃丝的表面形态(Bar =1mm)；图2 鳃丝组织切片光镜图(Bar = 303μm)；图3 鳃弓的表面形态

The classic example is the ear ossicles of mammals, which we know from palaeontological and embryological studies originated in the upper and lower jaws and the hyoid of their Synapsid ancestors, and further back still were part of the gill arches of early fish.

典型的例子是哺乳动物的听小骨。我们从古生物学和胚胎学研究了解到，哺乳动物的听小骨起源于它们单弓型祖先的上下颌骨和舌骨，再往前则是早期鱼的鳃弓的一部分。

The results indicate that the thyroid gland of grey mullet is dispersedly distributed in the region of the arteria branchialis afferens of the first to the third pair of branchial arches. The monolayer follicle epithelial cells around a follicle were squamous shaped or cuboidal shaped, indicating an asynchrony of cellular activity in a follicle. The scale of the two shapes of cells differed significantly among developmental stages.

结果表明，鲻鱼甲状腺滤泡分散地分布在第1对至第3对鳃弓的入鳃动脉之间；构成同一滤泡的单层上皮细胞呈扁平形和立方形两种形态，反映出同一滤泡中上皮细胞生理活动的不同步，且发现不同发育时期的鲻鱼这两种形态细胞的比例有显著差异。

The results showed that the surface architecture and ultrastructure of gills filaments and secondary gill lamellaes of the largemouth and the blue gill were similar to other teleosts.

结果表明：大口黑鲈和蓝鳃太阳鱼鳃的表面结构和微细结构与其它硬骨鱼类基本相似，鳃弓和鳃耙表面被具环形微嵴的上皮细胞所覆盖，表面观凹凸不平；大口黑鲈鳃耙的尖齿直径和长度分别为蓝鳃太阳鱼鳃耙的3.4~3.8倍和2.1~3.8倍；两种鱼的鳃丝末端略为膨大呈勺状，鳃丝表面都具有规则或不规则分布的环形微峙、沟、坑、孔等结构；大口黑鲈鳃丝之间的距离相对较大，蓝鳃太阳鱼的鳃丝间距离仅为大口黑鲈的83%~88%；大口黑鲈鳃小片的高度、厚度和片间距都大于蓝鳃太阳鱼。

The result showed that the surface architecture and ultrastructure of I.punctatus ' gill and secondary gill lamellae were similar to those of other teleosts. The surface of gill arches and gill rakers was covered with pavement cells which were characterized by circular microridges, and secreting-holes were found among cells on the surface of gill arches. The base part of gill rakers were bigger in terms of diameter. The pavement cells' surface of gill filaments' middle part was characterized by microridges with fine lateral protuberances on both sides which were either fused or interruped, while the microridges disappeared on the pavement cells' surface on both top and base parts of gill filaments, forming dense granulated protuberances. The height and interlamellar space of secondary gill lamellae in I.punctatus were relatively higher and bigger, respectively.

结果表明，斑点叉尾鮰鳃的表面结构和微细结构与其他硬骨鱼类基本相似，鳃弓和鳃耙表面被具环形微嵴的扁平上皮细胞所覆盖，鳃弓表面细胞之间有孔洞；鳃耙基部较粗壮；中部鳃丝上皮细胞表面的微嵴两侧有细小的横突，有些微嵴出现融合或间断；端部和基部鳃丝上皮细胞表面的微嵴消失，形成密集颗粒状突起；鳃小片的高度和片间距较大。

Visceral arch One of the series of skeletal bars on either side of the pharynx, which comprise the gill arches and the jaws.

内脏弓在咽喉的任一侧边上的成列骨骼的横带之一，包含鳃弓与颚。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。