鳃

Thymus of L japonicus lies in the upper corner on the hack of branchia and on the back of the 4 gill vertebrae.

花鲈胸腺位于鳃腔背侧上角深处，第4鳃弓背侧，紧贴在鳃腔上皮层之下，为鳃盖粘膜所覆盖，呈一对卵圆形的薄片组织。

The outside gill disappeared, the gill arches developed to from the branchia, later the branchia appeared primary protuberance, along with developing, it appeared the secondary protuberance and the third protuberance, until the 36 stage, the stage is the inside gill developing at the peak, later it came into the period of the metamorphosis, the inside gill degenerated, the third protuberance began shrank, next the secondary protuberance and the primary protuberance shrank, finally the gill arches shrank and disappeared, the metamorphosis completed.

内鳃的发育是首先由鳃弓上的突起形成鳃叶，其次鳃叶上出现初级突起，随着进一步发育出现次级突起和三级突起，直到内鳃发育最高峰(胚胎发育的36期)。随后进入变态期，内鳃开始退化，首先是三级突起开始萎缩，其次是次级突起和初级突起，最后是鳃弓，直至鳃弓完全消失，变态完成。

Sections gill filament tissue(Bar = 303μm);Fig. 3 Morphology of the surface of the gill arch(Bar = 10μm);Fig. 4 Taste bud of the

图1 剑尾鱼鳃弓、鳃耙和鳃丝的表面形态(Bar =1mm)；图2 鳃丝组织切片光镜图(Bar = 303μm)；图3 鳃弓的表面形态

Gill movement is a necessary condition of the gill breathing, it makes the water flow along a certain way, gill septum and gill cover is being opened, as if pumping the role of the water from the mouth out.

鳃的运动是鳃呼吸的必需条件，它使水沿着一定途径流动，鳃隔和鳃盖的启开，犹如泵的作用，将水从口腔中抽出。

When extremity , they showed nerval poisoning sign such as urgent swim, overturn, ankylosis and twitch. Gill thread turgescence, and the structure of some gill thread tip was destroyed, some dark globosity grains or actinomorphic anomaly accreted on it. Granular degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, necrosis ,in liver cells and renal tubular epithelial cells.

急性铜中毒金鱼体表和鳃的粘液增多，体色变淡，呼吸困难，严重者死亡：临死前有游窜、侧翻打转、僵硬抽搐等神经中毒表现；鳃丝肿胀，有的鳃丝末端形态破坏，鳃丝上附着有球状或不规则放射状的深色颗粒物。

Opening the disease fish opercular,we can see maggot-like worms on gills .A lot of mucus are on the gills at a serious infection and the gill-terminal expands ,there is congestion or bleeding or a "mud drag" phenomenon.

掀起病鱼鳃盖，可见鳃丝上有蛆状虫体，严重感染时，鳃上粘液很多，鳃丝末端膨大，有淤血或出血点，或有"拖泥"现象。

The outside gill formed the three fingerlike, in the 22、23 stage, it developed at the peak, in the 25 stage, the operculum folded the outside gill in the operculum antrum, the inside gill formed, at the same time the outside gill degenerated.

外鳃进一步发育，形成了三排指状外鳃，到22-23期，达到发育高峰。到胚胎发育25期，外鳃被鳃盖包在鳃盖腔里面，内鳃开始形成，同时外鳃开始退化消失。

Into the branchial artery to enter the blood with CO2 and more gill spacing, in the gills into the two sub-intervals of each one and a half gills, each issued a number of fine branches into the gill pieces, each small branch small piece of gill capillary network formed.

入鳃动脉将含CO2多的血液输入鳃间隔，在鳃间隔上分两支进入每个半鳃，每支发出若干细支进入鳃片，每细支的鳃小片上形成毛细血管网。

The results showed that the surface architecture and ultrastructure of gills filaments and secondary gill lamellaes of the largemouth and the blue gill were similar to other teleosts.

结果表明：大口黑鲈和蓝鳃太阳鱼鳃的表面结构和微细结构与其它硬骨鱼类基本相似，鳃弓和鳃耙表面被具环形微嵴的上皮细胞所覆盖，表面观凹凸不平；大口黑鲈鳃耙的尖齿直径和长度分别为蓝鳃太阳鱼鳃耙的3.4~3.8倍和2.1~3.8倍；两种鱼的鳃丝末端略为膨大呈勺状，鳃丝表面都具有规则或不规则分布的环形微峙、沟、坑、孔等结构；大口黑鲈鳃丝之间的距离相对较大，蓝鳃太阳鱼的鳃丝间距离仅为大口黑鲈的83%~88%；大口黑鲈鳃小片的高度、厚度和片间距都大于蓝鳃太阳鱼。

The result showed that the surface architecture and ultrastructure of I.punctatus ' gill and secondary gill lamellae were similar to those of other teleosts. The surface of gill arches and gill rakers was covered with pavement cells which were characterized by circular microridges, and secreting-holes were found among cells on the surface of gill arches. The base part of gill rakers were bigger in terms of diameter. The pavement cells' surface of gill filaments' middle part was characterized by microridges with fine lateral protuberances on both sides which were either fused or interruped, while the microridges disappeared on the pavement cells' surface on both top and base parts of gill filaments, forming dense granulated protuberances. The height and interlamellar space of secondary gill lamellae in I.punctatus were relatively higher and bigger, respectively.

结果表明，斑点叉尾鮰鳃的表面结构和微细结构与其他硬骨鱼类基本相似，鳃弓和鳃耙表面被具环形微嵴的扁平上皮细胞所覆盖，鳃弓表面细胞之间有孔洞；鳃耙基部较粗壮；中部鳃丝上皮细胞表面的微嵴两侧有细小的横突，有些微嵴出现融合或间断；端部和基部鳃丝上皮细胞表面的微嵴消失，形成密集颗粒状突起；鳃小片的高度和片间距较大。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。