鲤

The RAPD results illustrate that the phylogenetic relationship betweenBothriocephalid tapeworm parasitic in Grass carpCtenopharyngodon idellus(C.et V.and Common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)from different regions ofChina is infraspecific with noticeable variance bwtween them.Thephylogenetic trees based on the 3 sequences analyses above are constructed,which show the following relationships:Bothriocephalid tapeworms fromGrass carp,Common carp and Luciobrama are found to be monophyletic,and are very close to Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis,but are divergent toanother monophyletic group comprising Bothriocephalid tapeworms fromZacco,Hemiculter and Leuciscus.On the basis of phylogenetic reconstruction,autapomorphic species conceptis used in species delimitation suitablefor determining four species in the present study:B.acheilognathi,B.opsariichthydis,and two other bothriocephalids parasitic respectively inHemiculter and Leuciscus.It is also deduced that the differentiation time ofBothriocephalid tapeworms parasitic in cyprinids is earlier than that of theirhosts,and the most recent specification happened about one million yearsago.Key words Bothriocephalid tapeworm Molecular Systematics

具体成果有：通过RAPD分析探明了我国不同地理分布的草、鲤鱼头槽绦虫的亲缘关系属于种下水平，并存在较高变异；通过基因合并分析重建头槽绦虫的系统发育关系，表明草鱼、鲤鱼及鯮鱼头槽绦虫是单系群，它们与马口鱼头槽绦虫亲缘关系较近，而与〓条、宽鳍鱲及雅罗鱼头槽绦虫构成的另一单系群亲缘关系较远；在此基础上，提出符合头槽绦虫种的界定的独征物种概念，据此确定鲤科鱼类寄生头槽绦虫的四个种：鱊头槽绦虫，马口鱼头槽绦虫，以及另两种分别寄生于〓条和雅罗鱼的头槽绦虫：根据上述研究推断鲤科鱼类寄生头槽绦虫的分化年代早于其宿主，最近的一次物种形成距今约一百万年左右。

Of the twenty-one species of Cypriniformes,there were twelve species belonging to Cobitidae,Homa...

在鲤形目鱼类中，鳅科、平鳍鳅科、爬鳅科共12种，占鲤形目鱼类的57.1%。

Labeoninae belongs to Cyprinidae of Cypriniformes , approximate 26 genus and 300 species.

摘 要：野鲮亚科隶属鲤形目中的鲤科，约有26个属近300个种。

Labeoninae belongs to Cyprinidae of Cypriniformes , approximate 26 genus and 300 species.

野鲮亚科隶属鲤形目中的鲤科，约有26个属近300个种。

To study the phylogenetic relationships of Labeoninae fishes in Cyprinidae, the Phylogenetic Tree was reconstructed based on sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA.

为研究其在鲤科鱼类中的系统发育关系，以16S rRNA基因作为遗传标记进行鲤科鱼类的系统发育分析。

Any of various freshwater fishes of the family Cyprinidae related to the carp s and minnows,especially a Eurasian species,Leuciscus cephalus.

白首鲤一种相关于鲤鱼和鲦鱼的鲤科淡水鱼，尤指欧亚品种，圆鳍雅罗鱼

Any of various freshwater fishes of the family Cyprinidae related to the carps and minnows, especially a Eurasian species, Leuciscus cephalus.

白首鲤一种相关于鲤鱼和鲦鱼的鲤科淡水鱼，尤指欧亚品种，圆鳍雅罗鱼

However, it is little reported that SINEs were investigated in crprinidae. Currently, SINEs from cyprinidae have almost exclusively concerned on the zebrafish, with almost nothing reported about SINEs in other crprinid species, especially SINEs studies for cyprinidae phylogeny.

本研究基于这些问题，开展了鲤科鱼类中SINEs的研究工作，并得到如下结果：1在A-B PCR方法的基础上，以鲤科鱼类中的马口鱼为对象，利用反向PCR方法，建立了分离SINEs的简便方法。

These results show that two lectins can be used as a kind of immunity-stimulants to activate immunity system and strengthen the nonspecific immunity function of Cyprinus caarpio.

由此可看出：两种凝集素都可以作为一种免疫添加剂激活鲤的免疫系统，对鲤的非特异性免疫功能具有明显的增强作用。

In order to study the effects of avilamycin and narasin on the non-specific immunity of Cyprinus carpio, avilamycin and narasin were mixed with feed in different concentrations respectively.

本研究以鲤为试验对象，在饲料中分别添加不同浓度的阿维拉霉素和甲基盐霉素，研究阿维拉霉素和甲基盐霉素对鲤非特异性免疫机能和免疫应答能力的影响。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。