鲆

The mRNA of pituitary glands from seven important economic Pleuronectiformes fishes was extracted,the cDNA sequences of GH gene were then isolated from Cleisthenes herzensteini,Limanda yokohamae,Pleuronichthys Cornutus,Cynoglossus robustus,Platichthys bicoloratus, Zebrias zebra and Paralichthys dentatus with RT-PCR method by using designed specific primers based on the reported GH cDNA sequences of Pleuronectiformes. The results of sequencing showed that lengths of the above cDNAs are as follows: 479 bp,564 bp,519 bp,440 bp,564 bp,440 bp and 522 bp.The GH cDNA sequences encode mature polypeptide of about 140 to 170 amino acid.The full-length growth hormone cDNAs of Paralichthys lethostigma and Scophthalmus maximus were cloned by Switching Mechanism At 5\' end of the RNA Transcript RACE technology.

从7种重要鲽形目经济鱼类——高眼鲽、黄盖鲽、木叶鲽、宽体舌鳎、石鲽和条鳎、夏鲆的脑垂体中提取mRNA，并采用RT-PCR方法，根据已克隆得到的鲆鲽鱼类生长激素基因的保守性序列设计特异性引物，克隆了含开放阅读框的生长激素(Growth Hormone，GH)cDNA序列，测序结果显示，高眼鲽、黄盖鲽、木叶鲽、宽体舌鳎、石鲽、条鳎和夏鲆的GH cDNA长度依次为479 bp、564 bp、519 bp、440 bp、564 bp、440 bp和522 bp，编码140-170个氨基酸的成熟GH多肽片段；从漠斑牙鲆和大菱鲆脑垂体中提取mRNA，利用SMART-RACE技术建立脑垂体cDNA文库，并从该文库中克隆出大菱鲆和漠斑牙鲆生长激素基因cDNA全长序列。

A European flatfish, Scophthalmus maximus, that has a brown, knobby upper side and is prized as food.

大菱鲆一种欧洲比目鱼，大菱鲆身体上部棕色，散布着许多小瘤，是极受重视的食用鱼

Ascites syndromes disease is a common and ubiquitous disease in the industrial culture with turbot, which often results in turbot's massive mortalities. In June 2006, an outbreak of ascites syndromes disease of the cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus occurred in an indoor farm in Shandong Province of China Through the isolation, purification as well as cultivation of the bacteria in the diseased fish, and by tracing the bacteria in the well water, rearing pond water along with the feeding trash fish, it was found that the bacterium RF-1 which existed in the trash fish was similar to the bacterium FS-1 in the diseased turbot; artificial infection test demonstrated that the bacteria RF-1 and FS-1 had the same infection symptoms for healthy turbots.

腹水病是工厂化养殖大菱鲆的一种常见病和多发病，常造成鱼类大规模的死亡。2006年6月山东某大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus养殖场发生大规模腹水病，通过对病鱼细菌的分离、纯化和培养，对养殖井水、养殖池水和所用饵料小杂鱼进行细菌追踪调查，将从该养殖场所用小杂鱼中分离得到的细菌RF-1与鱼体分离的细菌FS-1进行比较，并对其进行人工感染试验，结果证明这2株菌对健康大菱鲆都具有很强的致病性，而且感染症状完全一致。

Ascites syndromes disease is a common and ubiquitous disease in the industrial culture with turbot, which often results in trubot's massive mortalities. In June 2006, an outbreak of ascites syndromes disease of the cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus occurred in an indoor farm in Shandong Province of China. Through the isolation, purification as well as cultivation of the bacteria in the diseased fish, and by tracing the bacteria in the well water, rearing pond water along with the feeding raw fish, it was found that the bacterium RF-1 which existed in the trash fish was similar to the bacterium FS-1 in the diseased turbot; artificial infection test demonstrated that the bacteria RF-1 and FS-1 had the same infection symptoms for healthy turbots.

腹水病是工厂化养殖大菱鲆的一种常见病和多发病，常造成鱼类大规模的死亡。2006年6月山东某大菱鲆 Scophthalmus maximus 养殖场发生大规模腹水病，通过对病鱼细菌分离、纯化和培养，对养殖井水、养殖池水和所用饵料小杂鱼进行细菌追踪调查，将从该养殖场所用小杂鱼中分离得到的细菌RF-1与鱼体分离的细菌FS-1进行比较，并对其进行人工感染试验，结果证明这2株菌对健康大菱鲆都具有很强的致病性，而且感染症状完全一致。

Two gene fragments of DEN-1(GenBank accession number DQ886390)and DEN-2(GenBank accession number DQ886391),differentially expressed between the ocular skin tissues of normal and albino turbot,were isolated by mRNA differential display and sequenced.It was confirmed by RT-PCR method that the expression levels of both DEN-1 and DEN-2 were down-regulated in the ocular skin tissue of albino turbot.The sequence homology search of DEN-1 revealed high sequence homologies with the UGGT genes of zebrafish and cattle,and the Ugcgl1 gene of Norway rat.High sequence homologies of DEN-2 were observed with the eya4 gene(the eye absent homolog 4)from red jungle fowl,zebrafish,human,Norway rat,mouse and dog.

应用mRNA差异显示技术，对比研究正常与白化大菱鲆有眼侧皮肤组织，克隆差异表达基因，经测序，RT-PCR 验证，差异表达基因片段DEN-1(GenBank登录号：DQ886390)与DEN-2(GenBank登录号：DQ886391)均在白化大菱鲆有眼侧皮肤组织中下调表达；通过BLAST检索发现，DEN-1与GenBank中的斑马鱼和牛的类似尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖：糖蛋白葡糖基转移酶基因、与挪威鼠类似尿苷二磷酸-葡萄糖：神经酰氨葡糖基转移酶1(Ugcgl1)基因有较高同源性；DEN-2 与原鸡、斑马鱼、人、挪威鼠、家鼠和狗的眼缺乏同源框4(eya4)基因的同源性均较高。

A new method for measuring surface area of flatfishes was presented in this paper. Digital camera is used to capture digital images of flatfishes with a background of standard plotting paper, image processing softwares (Photoshop CS2 or Adobe Acrobat Professional) are used to get pixels per square centimeter and the pixels of flatfishes, then surface area of flatfishes can be calculated by these data. Compared with traditional method, results of surface area measuring of 30 turbot revealed that relative errors of Photoshop Method and Acrobat Method were －4.40% to 3.08% and －1.83% to 1.30%, respectively.

提出一种快速、准确测定鲆鲽类体表面积的新方法，利用数码相机拍照获取带有标准坐标纸背景的鲆鲽类鱼体数码图像，采用图像处理软件Photoshop CS2和Adobe Acrobat Professional分别获得单位背景面积和鱼体图像的像素数，通过两者的比例计算出体表面积。30尾大菱鲆体表面积的实测表明，与传统计数方格面积法的测量结果相比，Photoshop法相对误差为－4.40%~3.08%，Acrobat法相对误差为－

The results summarized as follows:(1)The main pharmacokinetic parameters Tmax was about 2h, Cmax was 8.365, 7.519, 1.871, 6.485, 4.060μg/mL in blood, gill, kidney, liver, and muscle respectively, after oral administration at a dose of 30 mg/kg; while t1/2 were 8.180~23.249h. These showed that the NFLX absorption was rapid after oral administration of NFLX in Scophthalmus maximus, but the residence time in the fish was long.(2) T1/2 were 74.88~200.45h after oral administration at dose of 30 mg/kg for five consecutive days, which showed that the attenuation of NFLX in the fish body was slow and the residue concentration in the kidney was the highest.

另外，本文测定了大菱鲆成鱼体内NFLX的药物浓度，用MCP-KP药动学程序对所得的药物浓度-时间数据进行分析，结果表明：1单次混饲口灌(30 mg/kg体重日)NFLX，药物在大菱鲆体内的达峰时间为2h，血液、腮、肾脏、肝脏、肌肉达峰浓度分别为：8.365、7.519、1.871、6.485、4.060μg/mL，消除半衰期为8.180～23.249h，说明NFLX在大菱鲆体内吸收较迅速，但滞留时间较长。2连续五天混饲口灌(30 mg/kg体重日)NFLX，消除半衰期为74.88～200.45h，说明混饲口灌NFLX在大菱鲆体内消除缓慢，其中以肾脏中残留最显著。

Based on the crossing data among these flatfishes, the relationship between pairwise genetic distance and hybrid fitness was evaluated. The findings indicated that positive relationship might exist between genetic distance and hybrid fitness. The pairwise genetic divergence between species decreased as the interspecific hybrid fitness largened. These results implied that speciation clock might exsit in Pleuronectiformes.

根据这几种鲆鲽鱼的杂交是否可行的试验结果，评价种间遗传距离与杂交可适度的关系，结果表明，这8种鲆鲽鱼类的种间遗传距离与杂交可适度呈显著的负相关(r2 = 0.805，P 0.01)，即种间遗传分化越大，杂交成功的可能性越小，这表明鲆鲽鱼类中可能存在物种进化的不亲和钟。

Culture of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus ,a species of high commercial value,has grown rapidly since it was introduced into China several years ago. Infectious diseases, specially the vibriosis caused by V.anguillarum ,commonly occur where the fish is farmed in intensive conditions and contribute to the severe losses of the turbot cultural industry.

大菱鲆是近年来我国引进的一个优良海水养殖品种，经济价值高，但随着养殖规模的不断扩大，大菱鲆的病害问题日益严重，给养殖业造成巨大的经济损失，其中鳗弧菌是海水鲆碟鱼类危害最严重的细菌病原之一。

The results indicated that, when dissolved oxygen concentration varied from 6 mg/L to 9 mg/L, turbots in nano-metre pure oxygen system were higher on growth, survival rate and feed conversion efficiency than those of air system; A farming trial was conducted to determine growth difference of turbot between pure oxygen and air system. Length growth, weight growth, survival rate and FCE were better in nano-metre pure oxygen system than air system. The results suggested that nano-metre pure oxygen was better than aeration in turbot farming system when dissolved oxygen concentration was from 6~9 mg/L.

结果表明，微米纯氧Ⅰ组大菱鲆的体重增长、成活率、肥满度及饵料转化率高于机械增氧组；微米纯氧Ⅱ组各指标低于机械增氧组。7个月的大规模生产试验（800 m2水面，溶解氧6~9 mg/L）表明，采用微米纯氧气泡增氧养殖大菱鲆，各测定指标均显著高于机械增氧，可以加快大菱鲆生长，提高成活率和饵料转化率。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。