鱼道

Finally it is proposed that the research and design of the fishway should be enhanced to a new step at present and in the future.

最后提出在现阶段及今后，我国水利水电工作者需要的鱼道设计资料以及开展鱼道研究的主要内容。

Key words: fishway; current situation; fishway design principle

关键 词：鱼道；现状；鱼道设计原则

The results of this experiment could be applied to cooperate with the characteristics of local rivers in the design of the modified boat-passage fishway.

本研究之鱼道有不同之流速变化，可配合当地河川特性及鱼类溯游习性，作为未来设计改良型舟通式鱼道之参考。

Proposed the exist dam plus new fishway and new check dam with fishway design are presented for reference here.

最后提出既有防砂坝加设鱼道与新设防砂坝附设鱼道之设计步骤，提供设计参考使用。

In this paper, according to the research and application of fishway at home and abroad, and in combination with in-situ research, the construction, development process and main structure types of the fish-passing facilities are detailed introduced, the fishway board type, its corresponding hydraulic characteristics and the general principles of fishway design are listed, the differences of application conditions and the design issues involving in the fishway are analyzed.

通过国内外鱼道研究、应用资料以及现场调研，比较详细地介绍了国内外鱼道设施的建设、发展过程和鱼道结构所包含的主要类型；列出了国内外多个鱼道隔板型式和相应的水力特性；总结了鱼道设计的一般性原则；分析了国内外鱼道过鱼条件和适用情况的差异以及我国鱼道设计中存在的问题等。

In this thesis, we study problems of fishway in Taiwan by experiment data and field experience. Those items are the hydraulics in fishway,the river terrain and flow, the screen to avoid blockade the fishway, the maintenance of fishway.

本文以历届试验相关数据(1998~2008)为基础，配合现地施工经验，针对台湾防砂坝鱼道的常见问题如鱼道水理条件、鱼道配合现地流况问题、鱼道入口拦阻砂石、鱼道保全与鱼道长度与宽度设计方面进行探讨。

Due to the difference of the terrain and rainfull between Taiwan and the other countries, the fishway of the check dam in Taiwan can not be completely imitated from other country. Therefore Slopeland Engineering Lab of Department of Soil and Water Conservation , NCHU makes a series of experiment in fishway of the check dam from 1998-2008. The experiments focus on structure of inclined section、horizontal section and U-turn horizontal section of the fishway.

有鉴於国内外地形及降雨条件的差异，台湾的防砂坝鱼道不能套用国外鱼道经验，因此国立中兴大学水土保持学系坡地工程研究室於1998年起至2008年不断进行防砂坝鱼道构造试验之模拟，分别探讨鱼道的倾斜段、水平段与回头弯段构造应用与水理分析。

Accordingly, in an attempt to stabilize the water current, to make fish migration easy, and to help shrimp to crawl over the check dams to upstream to breed, it is considered to add a porosity filtering on the main body of fishway (hereuinafter referred as improved fish-bone-type fishway).

但水流在鱼骨型鱼道中流况非常紊乱，故考虑在鱼骨型鱼道之主要支干上加一多孔隙滤材(本文称改良后鱼骨型鱼道)，使水流较趋於稳定，水中鱼类更易於上溯外，更让虾类藉以攀爬至防砂坝上游繁殖。

In the aspect of shrimp migration test, the finding reports that shrimp would use the porosity filtering to crawl towards upstream when the flow rate is at 0.001cms, and do so on the bottom of the fishway when the flow is even less.

试验结果显示，在水理试验方面，改良后鱼骨型鱼道水位皆比原鱼骨型鱼道高，流量则比原鱼骨型鱼道低，显示多孔隙滤材能有效改善流况；排砂试验方面，泥砂约於时间第30分钟即达到输砂平衡，排砂率在97％以上，残留於鱼道之泥砂为3％以下，证明增设多孔隙滤材并不影响其排砂率；鱼类上溯试验方面，粗首鱲於试验时间内，上溯率达73％以上，皆比原鱼骨型鱼道为高，显示改良后鱼骨型鱼道更适於鱼类上溯；而溪虾上溯试验方面，发现溪虾於流量0.001时，藉由多孔隙滤材向鱼道上游攀爬，再由量更小的情况下，溪虾便由鱼道渠底向上游攀爬。

Increasing the roughness of fishway, using another lower opening in the spillway of the check dam to get more flow in fishway, using upside down trapezoidal cross section steel bar to substitute circular cross section can improve the functions of the fishway.

提出鱼道内增加粗糙度、利用防砂坝开口低槽增加鱼道内水量、建议改用倒梯形断面钢棒取代圆形断面，并配合结论说明鱼道设计上之缺失与建议修正方法。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。