鱼藤酮

Rotenone derivatives from derris have been an important isoflavonoid with insecticidal activity.

鱼藤酮类衍生物是一类从鱼藤属等植物中提取出来的具有杀虫活性的异黄酮类化合物。

For a long period of time, widely used in the production of components of an effective insecticide rotenone is mainly from the genus Derris root extract, collect rotenone from the root to dig down to two meters deep, the human cost of not only high-cost and easy caused by soil erosion, many of the genus Derris production has stopped growing, leading to the market with rotenone as the main active ingredient of the biological pesticide manufacturers shortage of raw material sources.

相当长一段时间，在生产上广泛使用的有效杀虫成分鱼藤酮主要是从鱼藤属植物中的根部提取，采集鱼藤酮的根要挖掘至地下达两米深，不仅人力成本耗费高，而且容易造成水土流失，不少鱼藤属植物的产区已经停止种植，导致市场上以鱼藤酮为主要活性成分的生物农药制造企业原料来源短缺。

Methomyl, fipronil, tebufenozide and imidacloprid resulted in slow photodecomposition of rotenone in aqueous solution revealing a photo-extinction effect, chlorpyrifos, ethiofencarb, cypermethrin and tetramethrin made the photolysis of rotenone in aqueous solution fast showing an obvious photosensitized effect.

室内条件下研究了鱼藤酮水溶液存在不同杀虫剂时，鱼藤酮的紫外光降解，结果表明：灭多威、氟虫腈、虫酰肼和吡虫啉使鱼藤酮在水溶液中的光解速率下降，表现出明显的光猝灭降解效应；毒死蜱、杀虫单、氯氰菊酯和胺菊酯使鱼藤酮在水溶液中的光解速率加快，表现出光敏化降解效应。

Sodium fatty alcohlo ether sulfate, S-80, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and S-60 resulted in slow photodecomposition of rotenone in aqueous solution revealing a photo-extinction effect, sodium dodecylberzenesulfonate, tween-60, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and poyl vinyl pyrrolidone made the photolysis of rotenone in aqueous solution fast showing an obvious photosensitized effect.

室内条件下研究了鱼藤酮水溶液存在不同表面活性剂时，鱼藤酮的紫外光降解，结果表明：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、司本－80、长链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和司本－60对鱼藤酮在水溶液中的光解速率表现出显著的光猝灭降解效应；十二烷基苯磺酸钠、吐温－60、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对鱼藤酮在水溶液中的降解表现出一定程度的光敏化作用。

Extracted from the Company rotenone rotenone crystal content of 98%.

本公司提取的鱼藤酮晶体鱼藤酮含量达98%。

Results indicated that the degradation rate of rotenone was highest, the rate of 5'-epirotenone was lowest.

结果表明在相同时间内鱼藤酮的降解率最高，其次是5'-表鱼藤酮，5'-表鱼藤酮的降解率最低。

Toxicity and repellent activity of several plant-based compounds on Blattella germanica were studied, results showed that rotenone, toosendanin and azadirachtin had stomach toxic effect on Blattella germanica, rotenone showed high stomach toxicity and all insects died after 8 hours, matrine also has deformative effect on Blattella germanica , matrine and toosendanin can affect oviposition of Blattella germanica; repellent activity of these botanicals was further studied, results showed that bering hydrochloridum, azadirachtin and sparteinehave had repellent activity against Blattella germanica, observation also showed that rotenone and bering hydrochloridum had high contact toxicity against Blattella germanica, the time of all insects knocked down were 8 and 48 hours.

选取了7种植物源化合物，测定了它们对德国小蠊的毒性和驱避性，结果表明，鱼藤酮、川楝素和印楝素对德国小蠊具有不同程度的胃毒作用，其中鱼藤酮乙酸乙酯溶液作用较强，8小时死亡率已达100％，川楝素和印楝素对德国小蠊也表现出一定的毒杀作用，观察还发现印楝素和苦参碱对德国小蠊的发育有致畸作用，苦参碱和川楝素影响其卵鞘形成；进一步对这几种化合物的驱避性进行研究，结果表明盐酸黄连素、鱼藤酮乳油和印楝素乳油对德国小蠊有不同程度的驱避作用，其驱避率分别为96.7％、51.3％和50.1％，另外观察到鱼藤酮乙酸乙酯溶液和盐酸黄连素对德国小蠊具有较强的触杀活性，供试虫全部被击倒的时间分别为8小时和48小时。

In experimental animals, exposure to a common herbicide, rotenone, induces features of Parkinsonism; mechanistically, rotenone-induced destruction of dopaminergic neurons has been attributed to its inhibition of the activity of neuronal mitochondrial complex Ⅰ.

例如，Greenamyre和他的同事在2000年报道了经大鼠颈静脉慢性灌流鱼藤酮复制了帕金森病的主要特征，包括选择性黑质纹状体多巴胺系统变性，Lewy小体样细胞浆包涵体形成和一些行为变化，例如运动减少和僵直等。从发病机制上考虑，鱼藤酮诱导的多巴胺神经通路损伤被认为是由鱼藤酮抑制线粒体复合体Ⅰ活性引起的。

Rotenone to the development of solid or non-pollution of water-based pesticide formulations, developed into a highly efficient, low toxicity, low-residue, the environmental safety of pesticides, both to improve control, reduce weight, reduce costs, while Virtue a wide range of pests, to expand the scope of prevention, but also delay the emergence of resistant pests, the Company from Tephrosia vogelii extracted rotenone, can stimulate the growth of crops to stimulate the proliferation of crop chlorophyll, especially in fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and peanut and other crops have yield significant role in the company's use of the rotenone-crystal research and development, the preparation of new pesticide products market with unlimited business opportunities!

把鱼藤酮研制成无公害的固体或水基性的农药制剂，发展成为高效、低毒、低残留、对环境安全的杀虫剂，既能提高防治效果，减少用药量，降低成本，又能兼治多种害虫，扩大防治范围，还能延缓害虫抗药性的产生，本公司从非洲山毛豆中提取的鱼藤酮，能刺激作物刺激作物叶绿素增生，尤其对于果、蔬、烟、及花生等作物具有明显的丰产作用，使用本公司的鱼藤酮晶体研究开发、配制新农药产品具有无限的市场商机！

The studies was proceeded on the the supercritical CO2 extraction technique of rotenone from Tephrosia vogelii. The extraction influences of technology conditions were systematically groped, The research results were listed as follows:1 The analysis method applied in this paper has been proved to be suitable to technology research of the studies on the SC-CO: extraction technique of rotenone from Tephrosia vogelii. 3 indexes, extraction ratio of rotenone. extraction ratio of total compounds and rotenone content percent in total compounds weight, were carried out with HPLC quantitatively determination combined with the sample weight loss after extraction. With these 3 indexes. The extraction influences of technology conditions were evaluated by synthesis. Then the best technology conditions were ascertained for different extraction aims.2 The pretreatment of rough material should be needed before extraction. Comminuting the material to 0.28mm size is most fit to SC-CO: extraction.3 Firstly static extracting 20 min then turn to dynamic doing is the better extraction mode than other ones.4 The orthogonal experiment was conduct with 3 factors and 5 levers.

本论文通过对非洲山毛豆SC-CO_2萃取中影响萃取效果的工艺条件的研究，初步得出如下结果：(1)本论文中所采用的萃取效果评价方法适宜于非洲山毛豆中鱼藤酮的超临界流体萃取技术研究，该方法具体为：HPLC定量分析非洲山毛豆SC-CO_2萃取物中的鱼藤酮含量，再结合萃取前后处理样品的重量损失，得出鱼藤酮萃取率、萃取所得粗物质萃取率和粗物质中鱼藤酮含量三个参数，以此三个指标综合评价萃取条件对萃取效果的影响；(2)通过对原料粒度对萃取效果影响的研究，结果表明SC-CO_2萃取非洲山毛豆复叶中的鱼藤酮，原料粉碎成30目粒度叶粉时萃取效果较好；(3)通过对萃取方式与萃取效果之间关系的研究，结果表明SC-CO_2萃取非洲山毛豆中鱼藤酮应采用先静态后动态的萃取方式，静态萃取时间为20min；(4)通过温度、压力和CO_2流量三因素五水平的正交试验，结果表明温度是最主要的影响因素，压力因素对鱼藤酮萃取率的影响程度高于CO_2流量，而对于粗物质萃取率和粗物质中鱼藤酮含量CO_2流量因素高于压力。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。