鱼类的一种

Behavioral phenomena quantified by genetic markers in various species include patterns of multiple mating by both sexes; frequent cuckoldry by males and rare cuckoldry by females in nest-tending species; additional routes to surrogate parentage via nest piracy and egg-thievery; egg mimicry by nest-tending males; brood parasitism by helper males in cooperative breeders; clutch mixing in oral brooders; kinship in schooling fry of broadcast spawners; sperm storage by dams in female-pregnant species; and sex-role reversal, polyandry, and strong sexual selection on females in some male-pregnant species.

通过遗传标记测量不同种的行为现象涉及两性间的多种交配现象：趋穴型种类中雄性与多个雌性私通而雌性则较少交配；通过侵略巢穴和偷窃卵的行为进行偷梁换柱；通过趋穴型雄性鱼类进行卵的模拟；通过共同繁殖型中的雄性进行寄生抚育；通过混合在口孵育型鱼类的幼体间；广播种型产卵者鱼苗的亲缘关系；怀卵孵化型鱼类的精子储存；以及性逆转，一妻多夫，雄性怀卵抚育型种类雌性的强烈性选择。

Behaioral phenomena quantified by genetic markers in arious species include patterns of multiple mating by both sexes; frequent cuckoldry by males and rare cuckoldry by females in nest-tending species; additional routes to surrogate parentage ia nest piracy and egg-thieery; egg mimicry by nest-tending males; brood parasitism by helper males in cooperatie breeders; clutch mixing in oral brooders; kinship in schooling fry of broadcast spawners; sperm storage by dams in female-pregnant species; and sex-role reersal, polyandry, and strong sexual selection on females in some male-pregnant species.

通过遗传标记测量不同种的行为现象涉及两性间的多种交配现象：趋穴型种类中雄性与多个雌性私通而雌性则较少交配；通过侵略巢穴和偷窃卵的行为进行偷梁换柱；通过趋穴型雄性鱼类进行卵的模拟；通过共同繁殖型中的雄性进行寄生抚育；通过混合在口孵育型鱼类的幼体间；广播种型产卵者鱼苗的亲缘关系；怀卵孵化型鱼类的精子储存；以及性逆转，一妻多夫，雄性怀卵抚育型种类雌性的强烈性选择。

The invention discloses a method to analyze fish genetic information with mitochondria DNA D-loop controlling zone, which comprises the following steps:(1) extracting genom DNA and mitochondria DNA of fish;(2) designing simple primer in fish mitochondria DNA D-loop controlling zone; possessing twenty one basic groups CAC CCY TRR CTC CCA AAG CYA in upstream primer MitD1-F; possessing twenty three basic groups GGT GCG GRK ACT TGC ATG TRT AA in downstream primer MitD1-R;(3) proceeding PCR reaction under the function of primer;(4) choosing agarose jel electrophoresis;(5) checking sequence for augment mtDNA D-loop gene fragment.

本发明公开了一种利用线粒体DNA D-loop控制区进行鱼类遗传信息分析的方法。它包括如下步骤：(1)分别提取鱼类基因组DNA和线粒体DNA；(2)在鱼类线粒体DNA D-loop控制区设计简并引物：其上游引物MitD1-F有21个碱基：CAC CCY TRR CTC CCA AAG CYA；下游引物MitD1-R有23个碱基：GGT GCG GRK ACT TGC ATG TRT AA；(3)在引物的作用下进行PCR反应；(4)琼脂糖凝胶电泳；(5)对扩增的mtDNA D-loop基因片断进行测序。

Four coastal fish species belonging to different trophic levels (one herbivore, one omnivore, and two carnivores) were analyzed.

四种沿岸鱼类属于不同的营养级（一种是草食性，一种是杂食动物，两种是食肉动物）都被分析。

In order to test the practical usefulness of the prober LZF-I we conducted population investigation, paternity determination, tissue stability and applicable extent in fish and obtained following results. The probability of chance association between random individuals was 9.23×10-16,and this indicates that the LZF-I fingerprints are completely individualspecific The paternity probability was 0.999962, and it showed that the inheritance of alleles is in accord with the Mendelian Law. The LZF-I oligonucleotide fingerprinting probe was stable.It was very effective in detecting both individual and species specificities of fish.

通过对鱼类的群体实验、亲子鉴定实验、组织细胞的稳定性实验和鱼类种类的适用范围实验后，测得：(1)LZF-I DNA指纹探针属多位点寡核苷酸探针；(2)LZF-I DNA指纹探针在鱼类种群中的鉴别机率为9.23×10 E-16；(3)LZF-I DNA指纹探针在鱼类亲子鉴定实验中的父系概率为0.999962；(4) LZF-I DNA指纹探针，是一种稳定的，既具有个体识别能力，又具有一定种属特异性的、适用于鱼类DNA指纹图研究的基因指纹探针。

A member of the subphylum Vertebrata,a primary division of the phylum Chordata that includes the fishes,amphibians,reptiles,birds,and mammals,all of which are characterized by a segmented spinal column and a distinct,well - differentiate d head.

脊椎动物脊索动物门的一个原始分支，属于脊椎动物分门的一种动物，包括鱼类、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物，其共同特征是都有节段的脊柱和很明显的、分化的头部

A member of the sub phylum Vertebrata,a primary division of the phylum Chordata that includes the fishes,amphibians,reptiles,birds,and mammals,all of which are characterized by a segmented spinal column and a distinct,well - differentiated head.

脊椎动物脊索动物门的一个原始分支，属于脊椎动物分门的一种动物，包括鱼类、两栖动物、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物，其共同特征是都有节段的脊柱和很明显的、分化的头部

The RAPD results illustrate that the phylogenetic relationship betweenBothriocephalid tapeworm parasitic in Grass carpCtenopharyngodon idellus(C.et V.and Common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.)from different regions ofChina is infraspecific with noticeable variance bwtween them.Thephylogenetic trees based on the 3 sequences analyses above are constructed,which show the following relationships:Bothriocephalid tapeworms fromGrass carp,Common carp and Luciobrama are found to be monophyletic,and are very close to Bothriocephalus opsariichthydis,but are divergent toanother monophyletic group comprising Bothriocephalid tapeworms fromZacco,Hemiculter and Leuciscus.On the basis of phylogenetic reconstruction,autapomorphic species conceptis used in species delimitation suitablefor determining four species in the present study:B.acheilognathi,B.opsariichthydis,and two other bothriocephalids parasitic respectively inHemiculter and Leuciscus.It is also deduced that the differentiation time ofBothriocephalid tapeworms parasitic in cyprinids is earlier than that of theirhosts,and the most recent specification happened about one million yearsago.Key words Bothriocephalid tapeworm Molecular Systematics

具体成果有：通过RAPD分析探明了我国不同地理分布的草、鲤鱼头槽绦虫的亲缘关系属于种下水平，并存在较高变异；通过基因合并分析重建头槽绦虫的系统发育关系，表明草鱼、鲤鱼及鯮鱼头槽绦虫是单系群，它们与马口鱼头槽绦虫亲缘关系较近，而与〓条、宽鳍鱲及雅罗鱼头槽绦虫构成的另一单系群亲缘关系较远；在此基础上，提出符合头槽绦虫种的界定的独征物种概念，据此确定鲤科鱼类寄生头槽绦虫的四个种：鱊头槽绦虫，马口鱼头槽绦虫，以及另两种分别寄生于〓条和雅罗鱼的头槽绦虫：根据上述研究推断鲤科鱼类寄生头槽绦虫的分化年代早于其宿主，最近的一次物种形成距今约一百万年左右。

During 1977—78 and 1980 recent ichthyological investigations werecarried out in the northern part of Gansu Proviace,usually known asHexi Area,and a 1ot of fish specimens were Collected.In this area there ??are 3 orders,5 families,16 genera,and 25 species and subspecies ciesof fishes.

本文依据1977—78年和1980年两次考察采集和国内有关标本，概述了甘肃省河西地区的鱼类，描记了鰍科鱼类一新亚种和一待定种，给出了25种鱼类的分类检索表。

In the present study, two cell lines from the heart muscle of Cynoglossus semilaevis and the kidney of Verasper variegates have been established. The induced differentiation of two embryonic cell lines has also been studied.

鱼类细胞系因材料容易获得、成本低、重复性好、实验条件可以精确控制等优点，至今已成为一种重要的研究手段，广泛应用于鱼类病毒学等各方面研究。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。