高阶导数

Combining the definition of CWT and the derivative property of convolution, we constructed a general method to calculate the approximate derivative of signal through CWT by using the first and second derivative of Gaussian function, Haar, and the first derivative of three-order-Spline function as wavelets. As compared with the other approaches of calculating derivative, which include the numerical differentiation, polynomial filters, Fourier transform, and the recently proposed DWT method, fast calculation and simple mathematical operation were remarkable advantages of CWT method. For the signal corrupted by severe noise (Signal-toNoise Ratio=5), the satisfactory results could also obtained via CWT method through appropriately adiusting the dilations.

在此基础上，(1)结合连续小波变换的特点和卷积的微分性质，提出了使用Gaussian函数的一阶和二阶导数，Haar和三次样条函数的一阶导数作为小波函数的连续小波变换计算信号近似导数的一般性方法，与其他导数计算方法(包括数字微分法，多项式滤波法，Fourier变换法和离散小波变换法)相比，本法简单便捷，计算速度快，对于噪声含量较高的信号(S/N为5)，只要适当调节尺度即可获得比较满意的结果。

The formulas calculating higher derivatives of parametric functions and composite functions are given by the chain rule and the product formula for derivatives.

用函数的链式法则和乘积公式给出了参数函数和复合函数的高阶导数的计算公式。

The high-rank differential coefficient of error is one of the necessary parts which influence the system track precision.

误差的高阶导数是影响系统跟踪精度不可缺的一部分。

In this paper, started with the most elementary probability formula of Fisher matrix for time delay estimation, some properties of the Fisher matrix for time delay, Doppler shift and its hither derivatives joint estimation are exploited by use of Toeplitz matrix chracteristics in passive location systems.

本文从时延估计的Fisher矩阵的最基本概率表达式入手，利用Toerlitz矩阵性质，对无源定位中时延、多普勒及其更高阶导数联合估计的Fisher矩阵的性质进行分析。

The dissertation focuses on performance gradient estimation and SRO algorithm of DES aswell as other related topics,such as modeling of DES and discrete event simulation,performancemeasure Hessian matrix estimation,Stochastic Approximationand so on.General Semi-Markov Processis adapted to describe behaviour of DES and discrete eventsimulation.A general result is obtained and applied to analyze strong consistency of performancegradient Perturbation Analysisestimator.Conditions for effectiveness of InfinitesimalPerturbation Analysisare also discussed.New PA algorithms,such as server PA,PA usingDirac generalized function,job sequence PA etc.,are proposed to deal with discreteparameters.Furthermore,strategies of combining PA algorithms with certain iterative rules areanalyzed widely in order to optimize DES parameters and some SRO algorithms are constructed toslove DES optimization problems.

论文将DES性能分析领域中性能梯度估计和单运行仿真优化作为主要的研究对象，探讨了与性能梯度估计有关的DES和离散事件仿真过程建模、高阶导数估计以及随机逼近等理论和方法；建立了具有一般性的DES和离散事件仿真的广义半Markov过程模型；获得了分析性能梯度估计量强相合性的理论结果和无穷小摄动分析算法应用的条件；提出了诸如服务台数目的摄动分析、奇异摄动分析、串联生产线和加工车间中工件加工序的摄动分析等一系列摄动的思想和算法，对连续参数和离散参数都进行了深入的研究；对摄动分析算法同优化规则结合实现仿真优化的策略也进行了广泛的分析，构造了新型的变界截尾的随机逼近算法，并用于DES的单运行仿真优化研究；最后，给出了DES性能分析方法的实证性研究结果。

Rather than discussing higher derivative gravity (where our lunch discussion took off) I would like to discuss a much simpler system.

而不是讨论高阶导数引力我要讨论一个非常简单的系统。

As the cam profile with constant-velocity-constant-acceleration ramp feature and with continuous higher derivative lift feature is widely adopted in the advanced high-speed internal combustion engines, the cam ramp profile is fitted with a reasonable function and the cam-lift profile is fitted with a polynomial function.

考虑到高速内燃机的凸轮大多采用具有等加速-等速特征的缓冲段和高阶导数连续特征的工作段型式，用等加速-等速函数拟合缓冲段实测升程数据，用整体式高次多项式函数拟合工作段实测升程数据。

A new static image reconstruction method for EIT based on genetic algorithm is proposed in this dissertation. It is quite different from the traditional modified Newton-Raphson iterative method based on minimizing the object function.

本文提出一种基于遗传算法的静态EIT图像重建方法，它完全不同于传统的基于目标函数梯度或高阶导数信息的Modified Newton-Raphson优化迭代算法。

On the basis of the un conditional variational problem of higher order derivatives, this paper studies conditional variational problem .

在含高阶导数的泛函无约束变分问题基础上，进一步研究条件变分问题。

Then the spatial localization of the main well-known visual neuron's receptive field models such as DOG function, LOG function, higher order derivatives of Gaussian functions and 1—D, 2—D Gabot function models is quantitatively analysed.

如对通常被作为建立模型的主要根据的&最优的空间定域性&判据的物理意义和适用性也没有得到深入的论证，而且已有的主要几类感受野模型，如DOG函数、LOG函数、高斯函数的高阶导数和一维、二维Gabor函数等模型在空间分布形态上难以准确反映系统中神经元感受野的形态和信息处理机制等等。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。