高能粒子

Another important result is that, which can be easily drown from the figure of probabilities of the states vs pump power with different x, or the common logarithm figure of the populate probabilities vs x , the increasing of the concentration of Er ions increase both energy transfer which populate the state and the cross relaxation process which depopulate the state, but the total result is that ion number of high lying states increase with concentration.

从不同掺杂浓度下各态布居几率或粒子数与光强的变化关系图可以看出，虽然掺杂离子浓度的增大同时增强了产生上转换荧光能态布居的能量迁移上转换过程和消耗该能态布居的交叉驰豫过程，但两者竞争的结果是较高的掺杂浓度对产生高能激发态的粒子数有利。

The space energetic particle environment inducing SEU includes galactic cosmic ray, solar cosmic ray and high-energy trapped protons and heavy ions.

引发单粒子翻转的空间高能带电粒子环境包括银河宇宙线，太阳宇宙线和地球辐射带中的高能质子及重离子。

People through nuclear reactions, have been synthesized 17 kinds of atomic number greater than 92 of the transuranic elements, and thousands of The new kinds of radioactive nuclides, and by high-energy and ultra-high energy-ray beam and the interaction of atomic nuclei and found hundreds of kinds of short-lived particles, namely, baryon, meson, lepton, and particle resonance states of these particles has led to a new field of study - the birth of particle physics since the age of .70, nuclear physics has entered a deep development and wide application of new, more mature stage, on the one hand the development of particle acceleration and detection techniques, expanding people's research in nuclear means, the other hand, nuclear technology to serve the national economy, for example, for the development and utilization of nuclear energy to provide more accurate nuclear data; the use of isotope tracer technique diagnosis and treatment of disease; the use of radiation and irradiation preservation of food, irradiation breeding .

人们通过核反应，已经人工合成了17种原子序数大于92的超铀元素和上千种新的放射性核素，并且通过高能和超高能射线束和原子核的相互作用，发现了上百种短寿命粒子、即重子、介子、轻子和共振态粒子，对这些粒子的研究导致了一门新学科——粒子物理学的诞生。70年代以来，核物理进入了纵深发展和广泛应用的新的更成熟的阶段，一方面发展粒子的加速技术和探测技术，扩充人们研究原子核的手段，另一方面将核技术服务于国民经济中，例如，为核能的开发利用提供更为准确的核数据；利用同位素示踪技术诊断和治疗疾病；利用射线及辐照技术保存食品、辐照育种等。

In the present work, the compensation mechanism for secondary electron emission has been investigated for the accurate measurements of high-energy proton beam.

根据高能带电粒子在金属表面诱发二次电子发射理论，对高能质子束流强度测量的二次电子补偿原理进行了研究，设计了二次电子补偿结构。

In the context of the little Higgs models, we discuss single production of the new charged gauge bosons in association with top quark at the LHC.

LH模型和SU3LH模型预言了很多新粒子，这些新粒子在即将建成的大型强子对撞机上以及未来的国际高能线性对撞机上可能产生明显的信号被观测到。

Neutralino dark matter is thus expected to pair-annihilate in very dense regions, producing high-energy particles such as pions and electron-positron pairs and high-energy photons.

因此，在非常致密的区域中性超对称粒子可以成对湮灭，产生高能的粒子，如介子，正负电子对还有高能的光子。

Since the storm heating intensities at the lower thermosphere resulting from energetic particles precipitated from the magnetosphere are different from area to area, the features of the ionospheric storm are also discrepant in different longitudinal chain regions.

特强磁暴引发的电离层暴是全球性的，但自磁层沉降的高能粒子对热层低部的加热程度及区域分布不同，因而各经度链区域内电离层暴的特征也有所差异。

The ionosphere is strongly coupled with the other regions in the solar-terrestrial system, including the sun, the interplanetary medium, the magnetosphere, the thermosphere, and the mesosphere.

电离层是日—地系统的重要组成，不仅保护了地球上的生物免受太阳紫外辐射和宇宙高能粒子的直接作用，而且对穿电离层传播的无线电波产生反射、散射、吸收和折射等效应。

Particles should satisfy the framwork of the special theory of relativity.

高能粒子的量子力学应当满足相对论的要求。

A full muon lifetime experiment covers almost all experimental methods and technologies applied in a modem high energy physic experiment, such as the fundamental theory, applied particle detectors, nuclear electronics, and data processing methods.

在一个完整的μ子寿命测量实验中，涵盖了高能物理理论基础、高能粒子探测器、相关电子学和数据处理方法等方面的知识和一整套高能物理实验方法与工程技术。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。