高指标

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

Firstly, we hypothesize that the stocks of funds with net outflow will have a higher herding measure when the fund manager is concerned with his reputation risk (Scharfstein and Stein, 1990), and have a lower herding measure when he engages in gaming the incentive scheme derived from the asymmetric performance-flow relation. The results support the reputation-risk hypothesis.

首先，针对前期流量与基金群集指标的关系，本研究推论：如果经理人行为符合声誉风险假说(Scharfstein and Stein， 1990)，则前期净流出基金的群集指标会高於前期净流入基金的群集指标；反之，如果经理人行为符合放手一博假说，则净流出基金的群集指标低於净流入基金的群集指标，实证结果符合声誉风险假说。

Results The tinnitus frequency, severity of subjective tinnitus, audiogram types and some items of function test above hearing threshold were significantly different in the five groups (P.05). Specific features of pure-tone test were found in the five groups: tinnitus frequency was low, whole- frequency hearing threshold high, audiogram even, short increment sensitivity index at 1 kHz high and tone decline at 4 kHz low in the syndrome of invasion of wind-heat; tinnitus frequency was high, high-frequency hearing loss common, audiogram abruptly descending, SISI and TD at 4 kHz high in the syndrome of liver-fire up-stirring; subjective tinnitus was loud, audiogram abruptly descending or gradually descending, SISI and 7W at 4 kHz low in the syndrome of stagnation of phlegm-fire; tinnitus frequency was high, subjective tinnitus low, audiogram markedly descending or hill-like, SISI and TD at 4 kHz high in the syndrome of kidney-essence deficiency; average hearing loss was less, audiogram irregular but abruptly descending or notched in most cases, SISI at 4 kHz low in the syndrome of weakness of spleen-stomach.

结果］耳鸣频率、自觉耳鸣程度、听力图类型及部分阈上功能测试指标在各证型间具有显著性差异(P.05)，这些指标在不同的证型中表现出不同的特点：风热侵袭型的耳鸣频率较低，全频听阈升高，听力图多为平坦型，短增量敏感指数得分在1kHz较高，而4kHz音衰值较低；肝火上扰型的耳鸣频率较高，听力损失以高频为主，听力图多为陡降型，4kHz SISI得分及TD值均较高；痰火郁结型的自觉耳鸣响度较大，听力图以陡降型或缓降型为主，4kHz SISI得分及TD值均较低；肾精亏损型的耳鸣频率较高，而自觉耳鸣响度较低，听力图以显降型或山型为主，4kHz SISI得分及TD值均较高；脾胃虚弱型的平均听力损失较小，听力图无一定规律性，但以陡降型或切迹型为主，4kHz SISI得分较低。

In the light of cost index and pollution degree, the characteristics of kinds of pulp are analyzed in detail, and the GP pulp which is low cost, high-yield, no-pollution is chosen as the material of tableware. Based on material element analyzed, shaping technology is designed, the to and for single plane shaping equipment which is high shaping quality, high production efficiency and is easy to automatize is chosen. All kinds of measure are taken to solve the problems which are inequality in the shaping process of GP pulp, and dosage which matches with GP pulp is chosen. Some ways of fixing shape and heat up are analyzed, the technology of saving energy of heat pressing to fix shape being composed of oil heat and only one fixed shape in the mold is applied, with which it is high production efficiency, low cost to fix shape effectively, which saves energy 30 percent. In order to make the production line meet with material of GP pulp, measure are taken to solve the problem of pulp adhered to netlike molding which can lead to carry material difficult, the structure of fully automatic equipment is renovated, the loaded beam is optimizationally designed to make equipment structure compactand improve location precision and products quality. According to technologic flow and actual characteristic, Omron PLC is chosen as the core of the control system, proximity switch as detect unit take the place of touch switch, software is designed reasonably according to time order figure, hardware is simplified, the reliability of system is advanced, the stability of system is assured to make production order. Intelligence neuron PID system is studied theoretically which is made up of both neuron with self-organizing and self-learning function and ordinary PID with the characteristic of the simple structure and high stability, which can automatically tune the parameter with the change of system parameter, remain perfect performance.

按成本指标和污染程度分析各浆料的特点，选择低成本、高得率、无污染的磨石机械浆为原料，在原料组分分析的基础上，设计成型工艺，选择成型质量好、生产率高、易实现自动化的往复式单板成型机，采取各种措施解决GP浆成型不均匀的问题及选择与机械浆相匹配的助剂；分析几种定型方式和加热方式，采用定型效果好、生产率高、成本低的油加热与模内一次性定型相结合的热压定型节能技术，节能30％；为了使生产线适应磨石机械浆原料，采取相应措施解决由于粘网造成物料转移困难，对全自动设备结构进行改进设计，着重对物料传送系统的关键部件——承载梁的进行优化设计，使设备更加紧凑合理，提高设备的定位精度和产品质量；根据生产线工艺流程和现场特点，选用OMRON CPM1A型PLC为主核心，接近开关作为检测元件，替代有触点开关，选用可编程终端代替常规面板按扭，并按照时序图科学合理地设计软件，有效地简化系统硬件构成，提高系统的可靠性，保证系统的稳定性，从而使生产更加通畅有序；从理论上探索将神经元应具有的自组织、自学习要求与PID控制结构简单、稳定性好的全自动纸浆模塑餐具生产线的研究特点结合起来，构成神经元自适应PID控制器，当参数的变化时，系统能自行参数整定，保持优良的工作性能指标，满足实际需求。

The use of footscan balance test system of national high-level pistol, rifle shooters had a balance of stability tests, by analyzing the following major conclusions: First, all the athletes in men's pistol shooting athletes body posture and adjusting the balance of stability the capacity of the worst; the second, firing only state body sway eyes open area and before and after the shaking smaller decrease; and thirdly, the general balance of the stability of indicators (both before and after the body center of gravity, around shaking rate, trajectory length, shaking the area) can not accurately reflect the high level of shooting athletes balance the characteristics of stability, and derived indicators - per unit area of the track length (the total length of track and shaking the area ratio), both show the balance of stability, but also reflect the attitude adjustment ability, in the sway area certain circumstances, the greater its value, indicating that ability to regulate the more intense the frequency of shaking sooner, the better the stability of physical balance, in the actual shooting of firearms at the time of the impact of the smaller, can be used as shooting athletes evaluation and selection of indicators.

运用footscan balance测试系统对国家高水平手枪、步枪射击运动员进行了平衡稳定性的测试，通过分析得出以下主要结论：第一，所有射击运动员中男子手枪运动员身体姿态的平衡稳定性及调节能力最差；第二，射击训练只能使睁眼状态下身体晃动面积和前后晃动幅度减小；第三，一般平衡稳定性指标(身体重心前后、左右晃动幅度、轨迹长度、晃动面积)不能准确地反映高水平射击运动员平衡稳定性的特点，而派生指标——单位面积的轨迹长度(轨迹总长度与晃动面积的比值)，既显示平衡稳定性，又能体现姿态调节能力，在晃动面积一定的情况下，其值越大，表明调节能力越强，晃动的频率越快，身体平衡稳定性越好，在实射时对枪支的影响越小，可作为射击运动员的评价和选材指标。

An index system was set up in this paper,including six eco-hydrological characteristic indexes,that is,long-term variables,high-flow variables,low-flow variables,moving-average variables,variables related to the rise and fall of the hydrograph and mo...

借鉴国外已有的研究成果，建立了一套指标体系包括长期指标、高流量指标、低流量指标、平均变化指标、涨水落水指标和月流量指标，通过分析指标的变化来评价水利水电工程对生态环境的影响。

The development of the index have catched up with the development of the economy and the society.We can ameliorate our index in many ways. We can fetch in new index,such as rewarding index of investment capital, it can be used to avoid the ruleless fluctuate caused by unregular revenue. We can fetch in the accrual ability of immateriality assets and "social responsibility" to enhance the deal of non-currency info and knewledge assets info. We can fetch in the method of key index analyse through relevancy analyse to conform the sequence of significance.

我们可以从多方面对指标进行改进，可以通过引进新指标如投资资本报酬率来克服因非经常性收益使企业业绩出现忽高忽低地波动的问题；可以通过引入无形资产获利能力评价指标、"企业社会责任"的概念来加强企业非货币性信息、知识资产信息在评价体系中的份量；通过引进企业获利能力关键指标的灰色关联分析来科学地确定指标的重要性顺序，以减少指标使用的盲目性。

This research designed and captured 18 indexes,including length,width,circumference of foot, height of first metatarsophalangeal articulations,height of the arch of foot,height of instep,length of instep,height of internal malleolus, height of external malleolus,area of heel,etc.After statistics analysis of these indexes in different loading situation,foot morphological characteristics at different work loads were collected, which could provide both data and experiment practices supp..ort to the database establishment of foot morphological indexes of Chinese track man.

本研究设计并提取了足长、足宽、足围、足趾高、足弓高、足背高、足面长、内踝高、外踝高和足跟面积等18个指标，对青年田径运动员在四种不同载荷下的足部外形进行统计分析，得到了一套青年田径运动员在不同载荷下的足部外形特征数据，此套数据可以为我国青年田径运动员足部外形指标数据库的建立提供实验操作经验及数据支持。

The development of the index have catched up with the development of the economy and the society.We can ameliorate our index in many ways. We can fetch in new index,such as rewarding index of investment capital, it can be used to avoid the ruleless fluctuate caused by unregular revenue. We can fetch in the accrual ability of immateriality assets and "social responsibility" to enhance the deal of non-currency info and knewledge assets info. We can fetch in the method of key index analyse through relevancy analyse to conform the sequence of significance.

我们可以从多方面对指标进行改进，可以通过引进新指标如投资资本报酬率来克服因非经常性收益使企业业绩出现忽高忽低地波动的问题；可以通过引入无形资产获利能力评价指标、&企业社会责任&的概念来加强企业非货币性信息、知识资产信息在评价体系中的份量；通过引进企业获利能力关键指标的灰色关联分析来科学地确定指标的重要性顺序，以减少指标使用的盲目性。

The instruments the author used in the experiment are literature review, interviews, questionnaires and case study. Start from the point of view of strengthening amateur sportsmen's training method in view of the 400-meters sportsmen who haven't reached level 2 target in school PE teaching and amateur training according to the successful experience and long time of practice of some qualified 400 meters trainers and some out standing PE teachers as well as the accumulation of the related literature review the author construct theoretically the model of training 400 meters male dash with the target of improving the speed of 400 meters dash. That is to say from the following 4 aspics, speed index,speed endurance index,aerobic endurance index,strength index.Listing the relative theory of mode training by analyzing and comparing the results got by the subjects both before and after the experiment the author tries to find out a suitable final index mode for specific training .

本文运用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查和实验等方法，从重视基层业余水平田径运动员的训练、加强对业余水平运动员训练方法的研究为出发点，针对学校体育教学及业余训练中水平一般且未达到国家二级锻炼标准的400m跑运动员，依据国内400m跑专项高水平教练员、优秀体育教师多年训练实践的成功经验以及相关文献资料的积累，以影响400m跑专项成绩提高的主要内容指标，即速度指标、速度耐力指标、有氧耐力指标以及力量指标四个方面为切入点，从理论上初步对男子400m跑二级运动员专项训练的指标模式进行构建，并运用模式训练相关理论原理，通过实验前、后运动员成绩的对比分析，寻求符合其专项训练的最终指标模式。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。