高层大气

The model is run under the idealized conditions resresenting for the sea-ice diploe in the Okhotsk Sea and the Bering Sea, and the atmospheric forcing is from the data of the winter months i.

参考已有的理论和模拟研究结果，指出高纬地区低空大气的温度变化受直接热力学调整过程的影响明显，对称性响应分量明显，而高层大气温度和各层的大气位势高度变化是由直接热力学调整和间接动力过程响应所共同控制，非对称分量占主导。

Further analysis showed that lightning was closely related to graupel and ice in middle atmosphere (3.2~7km) and upper atmosphere. This result is consistent to the charge mechanism of lightning. Meanwhile, this study went through the sensitivity of WISCDYMM settings on thermal bubble condition of triggering cloud growth.

探讨闪电数量与水象粒子质量百分比的关系，可发现高层大气（7.2 ~ 11公里）相关性较佳，若分析这些参数的时间序列特徵，可发现中层大气（3.2 ~ 7公里）与高层大气高度中，软雹与冰晶分别与闪电发生有明显的相关性存在，符合云中粒子带电之理论。

Following the discovery of high-altitude air discharges by accidentin 1989,there has been a robust effortof experiment-based and theory-based study of these mysterious phenomenaabove thundercloud,which leads to the formation of a new branch field of atmospheric electricity.

1989年美国Minnesota大学的一个研究组用低光度电视摄像机捕捉到了首张中高层大气放电的图像，这一偶然发现激发了随后的中高层大气放电现象的观测研究高潮，并导致了一个全新且充满活力的大气电学新分支领域的诞生。

The study of the upper atmosphere, especially of regions of ionized gas.

高层大气物理学对有关高层大气，特别是离子化大气层的研究

Because that the middle and upper atmosphere is a complex system of coupling between the dynamics, photochemistry and radiation, in this project, we mainl study the effects of the interaction between the dynamics, photochemistry and radiation on gravity waves propagation in the mesosphere and low thermosphere by using a photochemical-dynamical gravity wave model.

由于中高层大气是光化、辐射和动力相互作用的复杂系统，本项目集中探讨了光化和辐射所造成的非绝热过程对中高层和低热层大气重力波的影响，着重对中层顶区大气重力波不稳定机制以及光化-动力学耦合过程进行研究，并把计算结果与观测进行比较。

The study of propagation of atmospheric gravity wave constitutes an important part in ionosphere physics, which is significant for researching the coupling between upper and lower atmosphere, the coupling between north and south of the Earth and the coupling between ionosphere and thermosphere.

大气重力波的传播机制研究是电离层和高层大气动力学中的一项重要内容，对于深入了解近地空间中能量的上下耦合、南北耦合，以及电离层高度上的电离层-热层耦合，具有重要的学术意义。

Therefore, the observation of Na layer is one of the important method to study the dynamical process in the mesopause region. In this paper, we combine a timedependent photochemical model, the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI95) and a photochemical model of sodium to develop a time dependent sodium photochemical model.

本文建立了时变的中高层大气光化学模式，并与国际电离层模式(IRI95)与Na层光化学理论相结合，建立完整时变的中高层大气Na层光化学模式，着重研究Na层分布的昼夜变化。

Following the discovery of high-altitude air discharges by accident in 1989, there has been a robust effort of experiment-based and theory-based study of these mysterious phenomena above thunder-cloud, which leads to the formation of a new branch field of atmospheric electricity.

1989年美国Minnesota大学的一个研究组用低光度电视摄像机捕捉到了首张中高层大气放电的图像，这一偶然发现激发了随后的中高层大气放电现象的观测研究高潮，并导致了一个全新且充满活力的大气电学新分支领域的诞生。

Airglow and aurora are important optical phenomena. Their radiation, especially ultraviolet radiation contains fundamental chemical and physical information about upper atmosphere and ionosphere.

气辉和极光是高层大气中的重要发光现象，其辐射特性、特别是紫外波段的辐射特性，是高层大气和电离层物理化学过程信息的重要来源。

In section one, by using FICE scheme and TIME-GCM, a model of trace gases and OH airglow affected by gravity wave is set up, then the propagation of nonlinear gravity wave and the effect on trace gases and OH airglow are analyzed. The result shows gravity wave excited by tropospause forcing can propagate stably to the mesosphere through the stratosphere so that energy and momentum can be transferred from one region to another. In this process, gravity wave undergoes growth, overturning, convection and breaking. And the no-isothermal structure can accelerate the breaking of gravity wave in mesospause, and the breaking of gravity wave is an important source of convection and small-scale waves.

在第一部分的工作中，利用全隐欧拉格式和全球热层-电离层-中间层-电动力学环流耦合模式，对重力波的非线性传播及其在传播过程中对中高层大气中氧族和氢族成分和与之密切相关的OH气辉辐射的影响进行了数值模拟，结果表明，从对流层向上传播的重力波经历了产生、发展、饱和、对流产生直至破碎的非线性演化，大气的非等温结构加速了重力波在中层顶区的破碎，重力波的非线性传播是小尺度对流和湍流产生的一个重要的源。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。