高寒带

About 90 species: high altitudes and frigid zone of N hemisphere; 55 species (16 endemic) in China.

大约90种：北半球的高海拔和寒带；中国有55种(16特有种)。

For organizing vegetation submodel, started with the bottom-up gateway to agglomerate plot-data. The vegetation types must be confirmed before predictive vegetation mapping, therefore designed a transforming program to combine 585 plot-data from different surveys for the purpose. But the result of the classification and ordination of the combined plot-data couldn't display comprehensive vegetation types of Taiwan, because the plots were insufficient and disproportionate. Consequently, this study adopted the top-down gateway to divisive vegetation. After referring to Taiwan and east-Asia vegetation research papers and American national vegetation classification system etc., the physiognomic classification scheme of Taiwan had been drafted as vegetation submodel. The scheme included 4 levels: 2 classes, 5subclasses (subarctic, coldtemperate, cooltemperate, warmtemperate, subtropical), 8 groups (based on phenology and types of predominant leaf) and 16 formations (based on moisture regime and predominant taxa). And, the scheme dealt completely with the diverse nomenclatures of vegetation types in the past.

为建立植群亚模型，首先依「整合大量样区资料，由下而上的低阶植相聚类」之途径，设计建档程序及转档程式，成功整并不同来源之585个样区资料，但因样区数目不足且分布不均，分析结果未能显示出台湾完整的植群类型；故转循「预先设定植群类型，由上而下的高阶形相分类」之途径，经参考他国植群分类系统及台湾、东亚植群分类研究报告，订定分类原则及架构，提出4阶层之潜在植群形相分类方案：(1)寒原、森林2类群系纲；(2)亚寒带、冷温带、凉温带、暖温带、亚热带5类群系亚纲；(3) 8类群系组表徵优势植群之叶片的物候与形态；(4) 16类群系说明其水分境制及优势分类群；此方案统一处理了过去各种有关植群划分之纷岐名制，方案之各阶植群类型亦即本研究之植群亚模型。

Chilling injury of rice is a global problem. It universally occurs in high latitude and sub-frigid zone, temperate zone, torrid zone and sub-torrid zone of high altitude.

水稻低温冷害是全球性问题，普遍发生在高纬度亚寒带、温带与热带和亚热带高海拔地区。

Tropic zone shows a higher diversity than frigid zone.

热带比寒带拥有更高的物种多样性。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。