髓骨

Methods:9 patients including 8 male and 1 female were included in this study.2 patients suffered from both side of ANFH,5 were righe side and 2 were left side.X-ray,CT and MRI were performed before the surgery.4 hips were classified as ARCO stage 1,7 hips were stage 2.All the patients were treated as follows:the area of NFH and cystis degeneration were detected and bouche decompression was done through X-ray with C-arm,and the necrotic bone was cleared for the pathologic diagnosis under the monitoring of arthroscopy.And then the non-cell based tissue engineering bone, which was the complex of autologous red bone marrow and osteoinductice absorbing material containing BMP,was transplanted into the body.

本组9例，男性8例，女性1例；双侧股骨头坏死2例，右单侧股骨头坏死5例，左单侧股骨头坏死2例；术前均行X线摄片、CT、MRI 检查，ARCO分期：Ⅰ期4髋，Ⅱ期7髋；C型臂X线透视下行股骨头坏死区和囊性变区定位、髓芯减压，关节镜监视下，刮除坏死骨送病理；植入由自体红骨髓与含BMP的骨诱导活性材料复合成的非细胞型组织工程骨，并用空心钛钉支撑股骨头软骨下骨质。

Results: In the 23 cases of disease group, 16 cases were unilateral and 7 cases were bilateral. X-ray examination showed local prominence between ischium and pubis in all cases. Lamellar changes of the bone inhomogeneous in density with round translucence were found in 8 cases accompanied with intact cortex. Mild osseous hyperplasia was found in 8 cases without changes of periosteum and soft tissues. CT examination of 8 cases presented with local prominence between iscbium and pubis, translucence, cataclasm, discontiguous osteal cortex with irregular ends, sclerotic medullary cavity of honey surroundings, but no sequestration and changes of periosteum and soft tissues. The above-mentiooed X-ray features appeared in 14 cases among normal group, bilateral in 3 cases.

结果：病变组23例中，16例为单侧，7例为双侧。X线表现为坐骨耻骨结合处局限性骨膨隆，8例有层状改变，病变区内密度不均，有类圆形低密度透光影，骨皮质完整，8例周围骨质轻度增生，未见骨膜反应和软组织改变。8例CT表现为坐骨耻骨结合处局部膨大，其内有低密度透光区，有碎裂，骨皮质连续性中断，断端边缘欠整齐，邻近的髓腔轻度硬化，无明显的死骨和骨膜反应，邻近的软组织正常；正常组中14例出现上述X线改变，其中3例为双侧性。

objective to evaluate early signs of avascular necrosis of femoral head in adult by ct and to guide clinical treatment.methods the cases with suspicious diagnose of anfh were scaned in the both hip joints by x ray and ct to find the early signs of anfh with ct.results early signs of anfh using ct showed that, in 38 femoral heads 31 cases, there were radiate star shape of high density osteosclerosis of the trabeculae in 13 femoral head.twenty five femoral heads showed osteosclerosis and trabeculae structure disappearing and vague,incoordinately low ostedensity area and cyst change.there were fracture under the cartilage and light subsid in 5 cases.the cases in stage ⅰwere given decompression, while the pationtsresul in stageⅱand stageⅲ were given decompression and ostetransplant.conclusion ct results show that the sign of the high osteodensity and low osteodensity and cyst change can disply early anfh.

摘 要］目的：探讨成人股骨头缺血性坏死的早期ct征象并指导临床治疗。方法：对临床疑诊anfh的全部病例均行x线平片及ct检查，分析anfh的早期ct征象。结果：早期anfh的ct表现：31例38个股骨头，其中13个股骨头骨小梁呈放射状高密度的"星状征"，骨小梁境界清楚、锐利，属ⅰ期；25个股骨头表现为骨硬化，骨小梁结构消失、模糊不清，骨密度减低及囊性改变，属ⅱ期；并有5个股骨头在ⅱ期影像学改变基础上出现软骨下骨折及轻微塌陷，属ⅲ期。治疗结果：ⅰ期行钻孔髓内减压术，ⅱ、ⅲ期行钻孔减压植骨术。

CT displayed the structure of femoral head was vague. A piece of coloboma could be observed clearly on the cartilage of a femoral head. Medullary canal was almost filled with white adipose tissue. Osteoblasts and osteocytes decreased. Empty bone lacuna increased. Thrombus distributed widely in the bone tissue microcirculation.

MA组病理检查肉眼可见股骨头软骨面局部缺损，坏死面暴露，髓腔内大量脂肪组织堆积；光镜下成骨细胞、骨细胞均减少，空骨陷窝增多，微小血栓广泛分布，变形扩大的脂肪细胞挤压正常骨髓组织细胞，骨小梁变细破裂明显。

We compare it with the Votalin treating that have been proved effective on clinic during the experiment, and detect intraosseous pressure in the upper part of tibia and the content of nitrogen monoxidum in articular cartilages、 synovial membranes、 synovias of knee joint, we can initially identify the mechanism of action that this theropy treat on gonarthritis, supply the theoretical and experimental evidence for making general use of it on clinic.

以致骨内高压的方式造模，于兔腹股沟中点以下10mm处结扎并切断右侧股静脉建立兔膝骨关节炎模型，造模10周后各组采用相应的方法进行治疗，4周后将骨髓活检穿刺针穿刺达胫骨上端髓腔内，以三通管与传感器相连检测骨内压，后将动物处死，取膝关节软骨、滑膜、关节液，检测一氧化氮含量。

Four weeks after operation, a large quantity of rosy newly formed bone and green bone trabecula were showed in the BG-COL-PS-HYA group. At week 12, scaffold materials was substituted by new bone tissues basically, and Haversian system was visible. Eight weeks after operation, the results of X-ray film revealed that cortical bone was fully connected.

生物活性玻璃/胶原蛋白/透明质酸/磷酸丝氨酸组术后4周硬组织切片可见大量玫瑰红色新骨和绿色骨小梁形成，术后12周支架已基本由新生骨组织替代，哈弗系统形成；术后8周X射线显示骨皮质连接完整，12周缺损完全修复，髓腔基本再通。

It involved four components those were expanding medullary cavity with drills and femur preparation with metal rasps and bone cement filling and prosthesis or intramedullary pin insertion.

股骨髓内操作包括了四个主要内容：可弯曲的软钻扩髓，带齿的实心金属锉锉髓腔，骨水泥的填充，人工假体或髓内钉的置入。

In the period of 8 to 16 weeks after operation,new bone was formed continuously, artificial bone gradually reconstructed to mature lamellar bone,bone trabeculae and medullary cavity,etc. Conclusion The preparation of CPC is simple.

结果 CPC植入后4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织，可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。8～16周新骨继续生成，人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。

Results There existed new cartilage and new immature bone tissue in the bone substitute in 4 weeks after operation, as well as mass of cartilageous cells,osteoblasts, collagen tissue and more small vessels were seen. In the period of 8 to 16 weeks after operation,new bone was formed continuously, artificial bone gradually reconstructed to mature lamellar bone,bone trabeculae and medullary cavity,etc.

结果 CPC植入后4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织，可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。8～16周新骨继续生成，人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。

objective to evaluate early signs of avascular necrosis of femoral head in adult by ct and to guide clinical treatment.methods the cases with suspicious diagnose of anfh were scaned in the both hip joints by x ray and ct to find the early signs of anfh with ct.results early signs of anfh using ct showed that, in 38 femoral heads 31 cases, there were radiate star shape of high density osteosclerosis of the trabeculae in 13 femoral head.twenty five femoral heads showed osteosclerosis and trabeculae structure disappearing and vague,incoordinately low ostedensity area and cyst change.there were fracture under the cartilage and light subsid in 5 cases.the cases in stage ⅰwere given decompression, while the pationtsresul in stageⅱand stageⅲ were given decompression and ostetransplant.conclusion ct results show that the sign of the high osteodensity and low osteodensity and cyst change can disply early anfh.

摘 要］目的：探讨成人股骨头缺血性坏死的早期ct征象并指导临床治疗。方法：对临床疑诊anfh的全部病例均行x线平片及ct检查，分析anfh的早期ct征象。结果：早期anfh的ct表现：31例38个股骨头，其中13个股骨头骨小梁呈放射状高密度的&星状征&，骨小梁境界清楚、锐利，属ⅰ期；25个股骨头表现为骨硬化，骨小梁结构消失、模糊不清，骨密度减低及囊性改变，属ⅱ期；并有5个股骨头在ⅱ期影像学改变基础上出现软骨下骨折及轻微塌陷，属ⅲ期。治疗结果：ⅰ期行钻孔髓内减压术，ⅱ、ⅲ期行钻孔减压植骨术。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。