髓鞘

The authors stress that they cannot prove whether antibodies against MOG and MBP have demyelinating capacity or whether they represent an epiphenomenon of myelin destruction.

作者强调，他们不能证明抗MOG和抗MBP抗体是否具有使髓鞘脱失的能力，或它们是否表示髓鞘受到破坏的现象，作者表示，抗MOG和抗MBP抗体的分析对于临床上出现分离症状的患者而言，是迅速、低廉，和精确的早期临床预测法，可以预测多重硬化症的发展，而这项研究结果对于咨询和推测发生第一次髓鞘脱失之患者是否患有多重硬化症，是相当重要的。

Neural cell adhesion molecule L1, discovered in the 80s, is one of the matters that can promote nerve regeneration. It can mediate the interaction of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix, take great efforts on neurite outgrowth and fasciculation, migration of neural cells, formation of the myelin, structure of neural trace, transmembrane signal transduction, inhibiting apoptosis of neural cells, even on immune system and formation of the tumor. Li is discovered on the mouse's Cerebellar membrane primarily. Thereafter, it also is found in post- mitotic neurons, pre- and non-myelinating Schwann cells and so on.

神经细胞粘附分子L1（L1）是80年代发现的具有促进神经再生作用的物质，它能介导神经细胞与神经细胞之间的粘附，在神经轴突的生长、聚集，神经细胞的转移，纤维髓鞘的形成，神经通路的构建及信号的转导，抑制神经细胞的凋亡甚至在免疫系统、肿瘤的发生等方面均具有非常重要的作用。L1最初是从小鼠的小脑膜中发现，后来发现在有丝分裂后的神经元，髓鞘形成前及非形成髓鞘的雪旺细胞等组织中同样存在。

To destroy or remove the myelin sheath of, as through disease.

髓鞘碱性蛋白是组成中枢神经系统髓鞘的主要蛋白，约占髓鞘蛋白质总量的30%。。。。

Nodes of Ranvier; saltatory conduction; Schwann cells; oligodendrocytes; myelin basic protein; demyelination; remyelination; myelinopathy; myelinogenesis; myelin-associated protein; myelin sheaths; demyelinating neuropathy; myelin proteolytic protein; chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; multiple sclerosis; MS

郎飞氏结；跳跃传导；施旺细胞；少突神经胶质细胞；髓鞘碱性蛋白脱髓鞘；髓鞘再生；髓鞘质病；髓鞘形成；髓磷脂-关联的蛋白质；髓鞘；脱髓鞘神经病；髓磷脂溶解蛋白的蛋白质；慢性炎症性脱髓鞘多神经根神经病；多发性脑硬化；MS

The MBP content of telencephalon tissue in control rats were 78~82 礸/ml, there were no difference in all the 2 Gy irradiated, 1 week and 1 month after 10 to 30 Gy irradiated groups.

髓鞘染色显示30 Gy照射后6月大鼠在胼胝体区有较典型的脱髓鞘病变存在。10~30 Gy照射后1~6个月各组在超微结构上也有不同程度的髓鞘异常。

To clone new disease gene of CMT, many myelin and myelin-related gene had been analysised by homologue searching. Quaking mouse, one of the mutation mouse with the clinic feature similar to Trembler mouse (the gene mutation mouse of PMP22) with the characterization of demylination in both the central and the peripheral nervous system, its disease gene had just been cloned accession No.

为进一步克隆新的CMT致病基因，在分析出CMT已克隆的基因均为与髓鞘有关的基因后，通过筛选有关髓鞘基因，我们发现，quaking基因突变小鼠因髓鞘形成障碍而出现震颤，其中枢和周围神经均有脱髓鞘，类似于PMP22基因突变鼠"Trembler"的临床表现。

RESULTS: The mild traction group showed angulus anterior individual neuron slightly engorged, neuron and nerve fiber morphous was normal essentially; individual substantia alba demyelinates in fragmentis; medullary sheath and auxiliary fibers of nerve root were hydropsia slightly without conspicuous myelinolysis. The moderate traction group demonstrated myelinolysis change in the spinal cord, and neurofibras lined up chaos, auxiliary fibers disaggregated, neuron dropsy, tigroid body disappeared with karyopycnosis and anachromasis in neurons; nerve root showed myelinolysis. The severe traction group displayed a great demyelination region; anterior motor neurons with karyopycnosis and anachromasis; myelinated nerve fiber of nerve root shrinked, decreased in number, with severe demyelination changes.

结果：轻度牵拉组牵拉侧前角个别神经元稍肿胀，神经元及神经纤维形态基本上正常，个别白质小片状脱髓鞘样改变，神经根髓鞘和轴索轻度水肿，脱髓鞘不明显；中度牵拉组白质有脱髓鞘改变，神经纤维排列紊乱，轴索崩解、断裂；灰质神经元水肿明显加重，前角运动神经原细胞尼氏体消失，核固缩、深染，神经根髓鞘和轴索水肿，局部轻度脱髓鞘改变；重度牵拉组牵拉侧白质为不规则的大片脱髓鞘区，前角运动神经元胞体固缩、变形、核深染，神经根有髓神经纤维萎缩、数目减少，重度脱髓鞘改变。

We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此，本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs，使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养，用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定，对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测；采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测；将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内，利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术，观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间；将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内，观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点，分析髓鞘的超微结构，并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

Results:①Immature myelin was short T1 and long T2 relaxation time referred to gray-matter signal intensity.As myelin matured,it was shown with short T1 and T2 relaxation time.②Seventeen areas in the brain were observed for myelinization process.

结果：①髓鞘形成中的MRI信号变化：相对于灰质信号，未成熟的髓鞘呈短T1和长T2，在T1WI上呈高信号与灰质易区别，在T2WI上与灰质信号相近；成熟的髓鞘呈短T1和短T2，在T2WI上呈低信号，与灰质易区别。

Results Under our experimental conditions, three kinds of NO donors when in lower concentrations could not cause obvious changes of axons while when the concentration of DETA NONOate was doubled, it could induce the non-selective demyelination and Wallerian degeneration of both sensory and motor nerve fibers.

结果：在本实验条件下，应用三种NO供体的低浓度，都不能引起大鼠坐骨神经轴突的改变；将DETA NONOate浓度加倍则可导致轴突脱髓鞘和沃勒变性，但对有髓鞘纤维和无髓鞘纤维并无选择性作用。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。