髓质的

MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical data of 47 cases of patients Underwent laparoscopic adrenectomy and 10 cases of patients underwent open adrenalectomy were analyzed retrospectively.

回顾分析47例腹腔镜肾上腺髓质脂肪瘤切除术和开放肾上腺髓质脂肪瘤切除术的临床资料，统计分析这两种术式在手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠功能恢复时间、术后住院时间及并发症发生率等的差异。

Histological structures of bursas of Fabricius were observed at the different developmental stages from chicken embryoes to chickens. The results were as follows. The bursa of Fabricius began to develop on the 13th day of post-hatching and its cell aggregated into the nodosity clique underneath the epithelium mucosae. On the 15th day of post-hatching, those cell cliques were surrounded by the flat epithelium and formed the basic structure of folliculus lymphaticus. The number of lymphocytes in the folliculus lymphaticus increased gradually, and the medulla and cortex of a majority of folliculus were not discriminated obviously. Until on the 7th day for chickens, the medulla and cortex of folliculus formed completely and the number of folliculus increased significantly. From 21 to 35 days old, the folliculus lymphaticus transformed from polygon into rectangle. Mucosa epithelial cells increased gradually and their cytoblasts arranged compactly into aline in the basilar part on the 35th day.

本研究观察了从鸡胚到出壳后的不同生长发育阶段法氏囊的组织结构，结果表明：胚胎13日龄时，法氏囊开始发育，粘膜上皮下形成结节状细胞集团；胚胎15日龄，聚集的细胞集团形成初始的淋巴滤泡；胚胎18日龄到出壳后1日龄，滤泡内淋巴细胞数量增多，多数滤泡髓质和皮质界限仍不明显；7日龄雏鸡法氏囊髓质皮质分界清晰，滤泡数量显著增多；21日龄到35日龄，滤泡由多边形逐渐转变成长方形；在35日龄时，粘膜上皮细胞逐渐增多，排列紧密，细胞核紧密排列成直线位于基底部。

The primary survival structure of S. sclerotiorum is the sclerotium. A sclerotium is a hard resting structure consisting of a light colored interior portion called a medulla and an exterior black protective covering called the rind. The rind contains melanin pigments which are highly resistant to degradation, while the medulla consists of fungal cells rich in β-glucans and proteins.

三叶草核盘菌的活体结构主要是菌核，菌核是一种坚硬的静态结构，由颜色艳丽的髓质内核和黑色的蛋白质外壳组成，外壳含有对降解具有高度抗性的黑色素，而髓质则由富含β-葡聚糖和蛋白质的真菌细胞组成。

The females incubated at 33 , their ovarium has powerful cortex, the germinal epithlium produce oocyte, its medulla degenerate into ovarian cavity. During sexual differentiation, mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in cells of ovary increase in quantity, they disintegrate after sexual differentiation. There are a lot of big grana in cells of ovary before sexual differentiation, in the course of sexual differentiation the quantity of the big grana decrease, while small grana increase and peakafter sexual differentiation. The males incubation at 26 , cortices of their testes degenerate into a thin albuginea. Medulla are formed by testicular cords in which scatter spermatogonium.

33℃下孵化的小龟卵巢皮质发达，由原始生殖细胞产生卵原细胞，髓质退化成为卵巢腔，分化时卵巢细胞的超微结构显示线粒体和内质网的数量大大增加，它们在分化结束后解体，分化前细胞内有较多的大颗粒，在分化中大颗粒减少，小颗粒增多，在分化后小颗粒达到最多。26℃下孵化的小龟精巢皮质退化成为一层薄的白膜，髓质有许多睾丸管构成，管腔内有散落排列的精原细胞。

Abstract］ objective to improve the diagnosis of non-ossifying fiboma by analysing its x-ray feature.methods plain x-ray films was performed in all patients.x-ray finding in 8 cases with pathologically-confirmed non-ossifying were analyzed.results the clinical symptom was mild,the lesions occurred usually at the metaphysis of the long bones,the affected bones included femur（n=4）,tibia（n=3）,humerus（n=1）.cortical type was seen in 5 cases,presenting as unilocular or multilacular transparent areas with in the cortex or tightly beneath the cortex,the lesion had a sclerotic margin.which was more obvious at the marrow side.medullary type was seen in 2 cases.the lesion was located at the center of the bone and grew centrally.the tumor was manifested as unilocular or multilocular.tramsparent area with sclerotic border and the bone cortex became thinner with slightly expanding on 11 sides.conclusion plain radiography is the elementally means to detect this disease.based on the typical x-ray signs of non-ossifying fibroma combined with clinical data,correct preoperative diagnosis can be made in most cases.

目的 探讨非骨化性纤维瘤的x线表现以提高诊断水平。方法所有病例均摄有x线平片，分析经病理证实的8例非骨化性纤维瘤。结果临床症状轻，好发于下肢长骨干骺端或骨干，股骨4例，胫骨3例，肱骨1例。皮质型5例，表现为皮质内或紧贴皮质下的单层或多层透亮区，病变向骨内发展进入髓腔，周围有致密硬化带环绕，以髓腔侧明显；髓质型2例，病灶在骨内中央发展，显示为单房或多房透亮区，边缘有硬化，骨皮质菲薄，轻微向周围膨隆。结论 x线为最基本的检查方法，典型病例x线平片结合临床症状即可明确诊断。

Results? 6 cases in X-ray film revealed round or oval stones in areatus distribution in the areas of renal papillae and medulla. 3 cases of IVP revealed cystic or hair-brushed dilation. 5cases in B-ultrasound revealed little anechoic area and strong echo light spot in radial distribution with acoustic shadow. Unenhanced CT of 6 cases revealed spotted or areatus stones surrounding minor renal calices with collecting tube system dilation and enhanced CT showed artifacts of stones magnification because of the collection of contrast medium around the stones. Conclusion?

结果 X线平片检查6例，表现为肾乳头、髓质区见簇状排列的圆形、椭圆形致密影；IVP检查3例，显示肾集合管囊状、刷子状扩张；B超检查5例见肾髓质内呈放射状分布的小无回声区和强回声光点，其后方伴有声影；CT检查6例，平扫呈环绕肾小盏分布的点状或簇状钙化灶，集合管囊状扩张，增强后因钙化周围的集合管内造影剂聚集，造成钙化影增大的假象。

We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此，本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs，使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养，用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定，对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测；采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测；将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内，利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术，观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间；将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内，观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点，分析髓鞘的超微结构，并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

A case is made that areas of chronic demyelination arise because of concurrent loss of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes and that because of the slow rate of repopulation that occurs in old individuals the recruited OPCs are not exposed to the acute inflammatory environment required to generate remyelinating oligodendrocytes.

一种说法是慢性脱髓鞘的区域产生系因少突胶质原始细胞和少突胶质细胞并存，而且因老年个体中缓慢的再生率，补充的OPCs没有暴露于产生髓鞘再生少突胶质细胞需要的急性炎症的环境。

Research Background and Aim: Adrenomedullin, which was discovered as a vasodilating peptide,has been originally isolated from the extract of human pheochromocytoma.

研究背景和目的：肾上腺髓质素作为一种舒血管的肽类物质，最初从人的肾上腺髓质肿瘤组织中提取出来。

Most of these are clustered into 14 groups and are located near the neuropils of medulla (group M1-3), lobula complex (group LC1-3), mushroom body (group PM1-3), central body complex (group PM4-5), antennal lobe (group AL1-2), and dorsal lobe.

它们共分为 14 群，分别分布于外髓(群 M1-3)、内髓复合体(群 LC1-3)、蕈形体(群 PM1-PM3)、中央复合体(群 PM4-PM5)、触角叶(群AL1-2)、背叶等各髓质区的外周。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。