髓质

Result The medulla exponent of straight guard hair on corsac's back was 81.7%, and that on abdomen was 72.0%, the medulla exponent interval of hairs from 2 parts was 71.4 %-82.9%, indicating the medulla exponent of animals in same family had a certain difference.

结果］沙狐背部直针毛的髓质指数为81.7%，腹部为72.0%，2个部位的髓质指数区间为71.4%~82.9%，说明同科动物的髓质指数存在一定的差异。

The medullary index interval of hairs from the back, the abdomen, the neck and the hip of chinese muntjac was between 60.5% and 84.5%, the same index in black muntjac was between 62.8% and 80.2%, in white lipped deer was between 60.1% and 90.2%, in roe deer was between 85.8% and 93.2%. Scale pattern is simple in four kinds of deer, mainly including irregular wave type, flat type, inlay type and coronal type, etc. Their sequence is different.

结果表明，黄麂背、臀、腹、颈等4个部位的毛髓质指数区间为60.5%～84.5%，黑麂4个部位的毛髓质指数区间为62.8%～80.2%，白唇鹿4个部位的毛髓质指数区间为60.1%～90.2%，狍4个部位的毛髓质指数区间为85.8%～93.2%。4种动物的毛鳞片花纹类型较单一，主要包括杂波型、扁平型、镶嵌型和冠状型等，其排列顺序不尽相同。

Result The medullary index interval of hairs from the back, abdomen, neck and hip of large indian civet was between 68.8% and 87.5%, the same index in small indian civet was between 62.5% and 87.5% and in masked palm civet was between 42.9% and 61.6%. There were differences on the scale pattern between genera and species and the differences were also found in different parts of the same animal and in different parts of the same hair.

结果］大灵猫背、臀、腹、颈4个部位的毛髓质指数区间为68.8%~87.5%，小灵猫4个部位的毛髓质指数区间为62.5%~87.5%，果子狸4个部位的毛髓质指数区间为42.9%~61.6%；毛鳞片形态在属间和种间存在差异，同一种类身体不同部位毛的鳞片形态也有差异，同一根毛的不同部位也存在差异。

The females incubated at 33 , their ovarium has powerful cortex, the germinal epithlium produce oocyte, its medulla degenerate into ovarian cavity. During sexual differentiation, mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in cells of ovary increase in quantity, they disintegrate after sexual differentiation. There are a lot of big grana in cells of ovary before sexual differentiation, in the course of sexual differentiation the quantity of the big grana decrease, while small grana increase and peakafter sexual differentiation. The males incubation at 26 , cortices of their testes degenerate into a thin albuginea. Medulla are formed by testicular cords in which scatter spermatogonium.

33℃下孵化的小龟卵巢皮质发达，由原始生殖细胞产生卵原细胞，髓质退化成为卵巢腔，分化时卵巢细胞的超微结构显示线粒体和内质网的数量大大增加，它们在分化结束后解体，分化前细胞内有较多的大颗粒，在分化中大颗粒减少，小颗粒增多，在分化后小颗粒达到最多。26℃下孵化的小龟精巢皮质退化成为一层薄的白膜，髓质有许多睾丸管构成，管腔内有散落排列的精原细胞。

The expression of NSE was detected in cortex of adrenal cortical hyperplasia, cortical adenomas and pheochromoeyte carcinoma, hut not in that of pheochromocytoma and normal adrenal. The expression of SYN was detected in cortex of corticohyperplassia, cortical adenomas, medull neoplasm, chromophile tumor and pheochromocyte carcinoma, but not in that of cortical adenocarcinoma and normal adrenal. The expressions of CgA, NSE and SIN were detected in the medulla of all cases. Conclusion The characteristic of CgA, SYN and NSE in cortex and medulla of adrenal are useful in the differential diagnosis of tumor and hyperplasia in the adrenal.

结果 肾上腺皮质腺瘤、皮质腺癌、嗜铬细胞瘤和嗜铬细胞癌的皮质中均可见CgA染色阳性细胞，皮质增生、髓质增生和正常肾上腺病例皮质CgA染色阴性；肾上腺皮质增生、皮质腺瘤、皮质腺癌、髓质增生和嗜铬细胞癌NSE染色呈阳性，嗜铬细胞瘤和正常肾上腺皮质NSE染色呈阴性；皮质增生、皮质腺瘤、髓质增生、嗜铬细胞瘤和嗜铬细胞癌的皮质中SYN染色呈阳性，皮质腺癌和正常肾上腺皮质SYN染色呈阴性；所有病例髓质CgA、NSE和SYN染色均呈强阳性。

The results showed that , the ratio of thickness of the renal cortex to the medulla in Felis bieti is 1∶2.35, the ratio of the number of the proximal tubule to the distal convoluted tubule in the cortical labyrinth in Felis bieti is 2.26∶1, the density of the renal capsule in the cortex deep layer is bigger than that of the shallow layer, the number of the thin segment is high both in the medulla and medullary ray.

结果显示：荒漠猫肾脏皮质与髓质的厚度比为1∶2.35，皮质迷路内近曲小管与远曲小管的断面数量比为2.26∶1，皮质中肾小体的分布密度近髓大于浅表，髓放线和髓质中细段分布较多。

Seven morphological parameters of hair were observed on the lanugo of a roe deer fetus 10 to 15 days before birth by linear eyepiece micrometer and optical microscope, which include hair density, hair length, medulla length, hair diameter, medulla diameter, scale pattern, and medullar pattern. Results indicate that the development of lanugo expresses temporal and spatial sequence, namely, hair occurs from head to tail.

利用线性目微尺和光学显微镜测量比较了距出生还有10~15d的狍颈部、背部、腹部、臀部、后肢上部的胎毛密度、毛长度、髓质长度、毛细度、髓质细度，并对鳞片和髓质形态进行了观察，发现狍胎毛的发生具有时间和空间上的顺序性，即毛的发生从头颈部向体后扩展。

To master the formation of medullary osmotic gradient, the relationship between medullary osmotic gradient and urine concentration and dilution, the role of visa recta in maintaining medullary osmotic gradient.

尿液的浓缩与稀释—了解肾髓质渗透梯度的形成，肾髓质渗透梯度与尿液浓缩稀释的关系，直小血管在维持肾髓质渗透梯度中的作用。

A hyperechoic wreath-like pattern of the renal medulla was referred to as the hyperechoic medulla. Acoustic shadowing behind the hyperechoic medullae were noted in 19 of 44 patients with gouty kidneys and 3 of 5 nephrocalcinosis. There was a higher incidence of renal abnormalities in the gouty kidney than in medullary nephrocalcinosis, including small renal size, irregular margin, cortical thinning, increased cortical echogenicity and real cysts.

所谓高回音肾髓质，是指在超音波影像上肾髓质呈现花环状高回音。19位痛风肾患者及3位肾髓质肾石灰沈著病患者，其高回音肾髓质影像之后方有音影出现；而痛疯肾病人比肾髓质肾石灰沈著病患者具有更多异常肾臟超音波表徵：如肾臟变小，肾边绿不规则，肾皮质变薄，肾皮质回音强度增加及具有肾水囊。

A hyperechoic wreath-like pattern of the renal medulla was referred to as the hyperechoic medulla. Acoustic shadowing behind the hyperechoic medullae were noted in 19 of 44 patients with gouty kidneys and 3 of 5 nephrocalcinosis. There was a higher incidence of renal abnormalities in the gouty kidney than in medullary nephrocalcinosis, including small renal size, irregular margin, cortical thinning, increased cortical echogenicity and real cysts.

所谓高回音肾髓质，是指在超音波影像上肾髓质呈现花环状高回音。19位痛风肾患者及3位肾髓质肾石灰沈著病患者，其高回音肾髓质影像之后方有音影出现；而痛疯肾病人比肾髓质肾石灰沈著病患者具有更多异常肾脏超音波表徵：如肾脏变小，肾边绿不规则，肾皮质变薄，肾皮质回音强度增加及具有肾水囊。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。