髓细胞的

Extraembryonic /ex·tra·em·bry·on·ic/胚外的 adj.Definition : Located outside of the embryonic body. External to the embryo proper, as the extraembryonic coelom or extraembryonic membranes.

部分神经细胞在轴突外围会被一些我们称为髓鞘细胞的细胞包围住，髓鞘细胞可使得神经细胞的冲动传递速度加快，因而形成跳跃式传递。

Gingiva tissue and cells were used as negative control.

在牙髓细胞的表达集中在细胞核。

An immature cell of the bone marrow that is the precursor of a myelocyte.

成髓细胞，原始粒细胞骨髓的一种未成熟细胞，是髓细胞的前身

The laboratory findings of a typical CCML patient comprised of peripheral blood leukocytosis, basophilia and eosinophilia,myeloid differentiation in different stages, and increased megakaryocytes. The immunohistochemical features of the CCML consisted of highly positive MPO and CD68, significant lowering of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase, positive for Philadel- phia chromosome or chimeric BCR/ABL gene, etc. But in most cases of juvenile CCML, the Philadelphia chromosome could not be detected.

临床表现以乏力、低热、贫血、肝脾及淋巴结肿大为主要特点；典型儿童慢性髓细胞白血病的实验室特点有白细胞计数高、嗜酸和嗜碱性粒细胞增多、骨髓不同阶段髓细胞分化和巨核细胞增多；免疫组化提示CD68，髓过氧化物酶，中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶积分明显减低，Ph染色体或BCR/ABL融合基因阳性，而幼年型CCML的Ph染色体常为阴性。

2The distribution of HIF-1 a and COX-2 was unequal;.(3)These findings indicate that HIF-1a and COX-2 may be two important factors in pulpal lesions and there is a significantly hypoxia condiction in inflamed pulp .(4)The increase of HIF-1 a is a possible mechanism for hypoxia preconditioning .(5)Our results suggested that pulpal fibroblasts as well as macrophages might be involved in the pathogenesis of irreversible pulpitis.

和COX一2的表达均有不同程度的变化，在牙髓炎病程中可能发挥着重要的生理和病理作用，③在牙髓炎进程中和牙髓自身修复过程中存在着缺氧环境和缺氧耐受机制，④牙髓成纤维细胞有可能与单核巨噬细胞一同参与牙髓炎的病理进程，且具有修复和免疫功能。

To further prove the function of TGF-βWe added the exogenetic TGF-βto observe its effect on the regulation of proliferation, diffrentiation and apotosis of the human pulp cell induced by LPS.

提示LPS对人牙髓细胞损伤是通过抑制牙髓细胞增殖、介导其凋亡、造成其坏死等多种途径实现的，牙髓细胞凋亡可能是细菌感染造成牙髓组织损伤的重要形式。

We introduced improved primary mixed glial culture and different-attachment method to isolate and purify the OPCs, the cells were proliferated in serum-free medium, flow cytometry and immunohischemistry methods were employed to estimate the purity of cultured OPCs. Their abilities of differentiation and expression of trophic factors were identified by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Several methods including TUNEL and MTT were adopted to estimate the protective effects of conditioned culture medium from oligodendrocyte lineage cells on the primary cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Intravitreal transplant of OPCs, combined with retrograde fluorescent labeling the superior colliculus and intraorbital optic nerve transection, were used to investigate the protective effects of OPCs on the axotomized RGCs in vivo. Intravitreal transplantof OPCs or NSCs on the newborn rats, and retinal transplant of OPCs on the young rats were performed, to observe the myelin formation in the retina at different stages after cellular transplantation. Optic nerve transection was carried out on some rats with myelinated retinae, to study the influence of myelination on the injuried RGCs.

为此，本研究采用改良的胶质细胞混合培养与差速贴壁方法获得大鼠OPCs，使用无血清培养基进行扩增、培养，用免疫组织化学和流式细胞技术对培养细胞的纯度进行鉴定，对少突胶质系细胞表达部分营养因子的情况进行检测；采用TUNEL、MTT等方法对少突胶质系细胞条件培养基对原代培养小脑颗粒神经元的保护作用进行检测；将OPCs移植入成年SD大鼠玻璃体内，利用上丘逆行荧光标记技术，观察眼内移植的OPCs对眶内视神经切断时的视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用及其持续时间；将OPCs或NSCs移植入新生和幼年SD大鼠玻璃体或视网膜内，观察不同时期视网膜内髓鞘形成与分布特点，分析髓鞘的超微结构，并观察眼内髓鞘形成对损伤神经节细胞的保护作用。

While the tissue spaces surrounding a few blood vessels wasAl and Fg positive,no Al or Fg positive cells were observed.In antemortem injurygroup,diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage,cerebral edema,swelling or pyknotic neu-rons could be observed.The axons showed irregular swelling and disconnection at1～3h,marked swelling and disconnection at 6h,and retraction ball at 15h whichwas more remarkable at 24h after injury.The space between myelin sheaths andaxons was increased at 3～6h after injury.Tortuous and wavelike myelin sheathswhich adhered on axons incompletely,or even peeled off could be found from 15hto 24h after injury.Perinuclear lysis of Nissl bodies began at 24h after injury.Thenumber of GFAP positive cells in cerebrum and brain-stem increased significantlyfollowed by decrease,and then increased again,but the time courses of the changesin different areas of brain were not same.Al and Fg positive neural cells,mainlysurrounded blood vessels,with diffuse or peripherally distributed positive matter incytoplasm could be observed at 0.5h after injury.The number of Al or Fg positivecells and the intensity of immunoreaction increased with the time of injury.The areaof SYN positivity in medulla oblongata and pons decreased notably 3～6h afterinjury,then return to normal levels and continued to 24h after injury.

生前损伤组，可见广泛蛛网膜下腔出血，脑组织水肿，神经细胞肿胀，晚期神经元固缩；伤后1～3h见部分神经轴突不规则增粗、断裂，伤后6h断端膨大，伤后15h可见收缩球，至伤后24h更为明显；伤后3～6h可见部分神经髓鞘与轴突之间的间隙增宽，伤后15h髓鞘明显曲折，不完全附着在轴突两侧，甚至剥脱，持续到伤后24h；核周尼氏体减少在伤后24h才开始出现；同一部位的GFAP阳性细胞数目随损伤时间发生改变，先增多（最早在伤后0.5h），达到高峰后减少，其后又有增多趋势，但不同部位的GFAP阳性细胞数目增减的时间过程不尽相同，同时，大脑中的GFAP阳性细胞数目也有改变；伤后0.5h，可在脑干组织中见到Al和Fg阳性神经细胞，主要位于血管周围，阳性物在胞浆中呈弥散性分布，但部分细胞的阳性物仅分布于靠近胞膜的胞浆中而呈环状，随损伤时间延长，阳性细胞数目增多，反应强度增加；伤后3～6h，延髓及桥脑中的SYN阳性物面积减少，其后恢复到正常水平，并持续到伤后24h。

The cell biological features were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope, l ight microscope, electron microscope, cell vital ity assay, cell growth curve and cells staining after harvest and during the periods of culturing the primary, the 1st passage and 2nd passage.

分别在取材后、原代、第1 代、第2 代细胞培养期间，进行髓核细胞活力测定；爬片培养后进行甲苯胺蓝、HE、聚集蛋白聚糖番红O、Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色观察；MTT 法绘制髓核细胞生长曲线，并行原代及第2 代细胞透射电镜观察，对体外细胞的生物学特性进行研究。

R ESULT S: Strong specific staining for Smad1,4,5 was detected in the odont oblasts of normal and carious teeth. Weaker staining was observed in the u nderlying cell-rich layer and pulp core.

结果：Smad1，4，5在正常和龋坏牙髓的成牙本质细胞层呈强阳性表达，在下方的富细胞区及牙髓中心部位为阳性或弱阳性表达，炎症牙髓浸润的炎细胞中Smad1，4，5呈强阳性表达。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新