髌骨

C. Lift the astus medialis muscle anteriorly and perform an L-shaped arthrotomy beginning medially through the astus insertion on the medial patellar retinaculum and carrying it along the medial edge of the patella.

将股内侧肌向前方牵起，在关节囊上作L形切口，先从内侧经髌内侧支持带上股肌附着点，再沿髌骨内线向下。

Afterwards, releases were carried on by the sequences: suprapatellar bursa; medial and lateral channel; medial and lateral patellar retinaculum; patella/femoral joint; condyloid socket; medial and lateral chamber; adhesion between femoral and quadriceps.

方法］釆用膝前内、前外及骸骨内上、外上4个5~10mm切口，先松解、扩张髌上囊创造出进入关节镜的空间，依照髌上囊→内、外侧沟→髌骨内、外侧支持带→髌股关节→髁间窝→膝关节内侧室→外侧室→股骨与股四头肌之间的粘连顺序进行松解。

Both left and right patellar cartilage was stained with Safranin O/fast green for the histological observation.

取两组髌骨软骨标本行番红O/固绿染色进行组织学观察。

Inclusive criteria contained diagnosis of having simple unilateral closed comminuted patellar fracture and injury timing of less than 7 days.

纳入标准：明确诊断为单纯单侧闭合性髌骨粉碎性骨折，受伤时间7 d。

PARTICIPANTS: Totally 60 patients with simple unilateral closed comminuted patellar fracture were enrolled at Department of Orthopaedics of Changzheng Hospital from November 2004 to November 2006, including 32 males and 28 females aged 28-59 years.

对象：选择2004-11/2006-11解放军第二军医大学长征医院骨科收治的60例单纯单侧闭合性髌骨粉碎性骨折患者，男32例，女28例，年龄28～59岁。

With lateral subluxation of the patella, they could use the trochlear groove as a conduit for nail placement.

通过髌骨向外半脱位，利用股骨髁间沟作为髓内钉的参考。

I have patellar tendinitis in both knees that I try to keep under control.

我在两个膝盖，我尽量控制住髌骨腱炎。

Clinical manifestations and treatment of fractures of the femoral neck, shaft of the femur, tibiofibula, patella and ankle.

股骨颈骨折，股骨干骨折，胫腓骨骨折，髌骨骨折，踝部骨折的临床表现和治疗。

Results: Among the patients who had normal joint laxity, the mean side-to-side difference in anterior tibial translation on testing with the KT-2000 arthrometer at a minimum of twenty-four months postoperatively was 2.7 ± 1.9 mm in the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft group and 3.5 ± 1.7 mm in the hamstring graft group. This difference was not significant.

结果：关节松弛度正常病人术后24月利用KT-2000 型关节测量仪检查平均双侧胫骨前方移动度差别，髌骨-骨-腱移植组为2.7 ± 1.9 mm ，筋膜移植组为3.5 ± 1.7 mm ，差别无统计学意义。

They performed a medial parapatellar arthrotomy and subluxated the patella laterally. This minimized apex-anterior angulation and placed less tension on the soft tissues.

他们行髌旁内侧关节切开术，将髌骨向外半脱位，这样，减小向前成角，也减小软组织张力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。