髌的

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic efficiency of colligate therapy knee infra-patellar fat pad lesion with the use of laser and rehabilitation.

目的：探讨使用半导体激光及康复训练综合治疗膝髌下脂肪垫炎的疗效。

Patellofemoral pain, crepitus, and locking are infrequent symptoms after total knee arthroplasty.

髌股关节疼痛，压轧感以及交锁是全膝置换术后不常见的症状。

Material and MethodsRA Rabbit Model group: 15 early RA rabbits of the same weight and variety Control group:10 normal rabbits of the same weight and varietyMethods of making RA rabbit model:elect 15 normal rabbits of the same weight and variety, dissolve Ovalbumin in 0.9% sodium chloride solution, to make the solution of 20mg/ml concengtration, blend the same quantity of complete Freund′s Adjuvant equably ,inject the mixed solution into endermic tissue of the rabbit′s scapular section, making the rabbits allergic, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution to one rabbit every time, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution in 5 different places of the rabbit′s scapular section, inject the rabbit one time every week,inject 3 weeks continuously,it turned out to be that the rabbits will be allergic, inject Ovalbumin blent with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the knee joint cavity of the rabbits in the fourth week, 5 mg Ovalbumin every knee joint cavity,two knees of every rabbit of the 15 rabbits are both injected,the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will be added obviously in 24 hours,and they will drop gradually,at the time of the 14th or 21th day, the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will get to the balance time,the incidence rate of RA is 100%.after the RA model succeeds,it is the early time of RA from the first week to the fourth week,after the fourth week,it is the late time of RA, the cartilage of the femoral condyle and the subchondral bone cortices will be changed unrecoverily.

资料与方法RA模型组：早期RA家兔模型15只，品种及体重接近。对照组：正常家兔10只，品种及体重接近。RA家兔模型制作方法：选取15只成年家兔，体重、品种接近，将卵蛋白溶解于生理盐水，配成浓度为20mg/ml的溶液，与等量完全弗氏佐剂混匀，注入家兔肩胛区皮下致敏，每只家兔每次注射1ml，于肩胛区5个不同区域注射，每周一次，连续注射3周而致敏，第4周向膝关节腔注射卵蛋白生理盐水溶液，每只关节腔注射5mg卵蛋白，15只家兔膝关节全部注射，24h内此关节直径和表面温度大幅度上升，以后缓慢下降，至14～21d达到平台期，发病率达100%。造模成功后第1～4周为早期改变，第4周以后出现不可逆的关节软骨及骨破坏。采用高频超声对RA模型组与对照组的膝关节髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜及股骨髁软骨厚度及软骨下骨皮质的回声情况进行对比观察。结果RA组模型组膝关节髌上囊积液及滑膜的厚度明显厚于对照组，其股骨髁软骨的厚度与对照组相比无明显差异，其软骨下骨皮质与对照组相比无明显改变。

Methods: The parameters of patellofemoral joints (normal group: 30; abnormal group: 20) were studied at the 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 degrees of flection with MR in axial plane and MPW, LPA, FTA, PTA, FTD were measured, then, compared in the normal and abnormal ups.

对两组（正常组30个，病例组20个）膝关节分别在被动屈曲0，6，12，18，24，30，36下进行轴位动态MRI检查，测量髌骨最大径，外侧髌股角，股骨滑车沟角，髌骨倾斜角，股骨滑车沟深度，分别比较正常组及病例组在七个不同屈曲角度下各测量参数的差异性。

Failure test and displacement evaluation were used to study the biomechanics of reconstruction of ACL by hamstring tendon knot implant fixation in 13, simple tendon knots, and hamstring tendon knot with bone bolt press fit technique in 5 porcine knees.

本研究采用绳肌腱结嵌压固定法和髌腱骨界面螺钉固定法重建交叉韧带，从生物力学的角度来探讨不同材料与固定方法对固定强度的影响。1 材料与方法1.1 实验材料深低温冷冻保存的猪膝关节 35个模拟交叉韧带重建，常温下解冻，取其胫骨、股骨和髌腱骨复合材料和绳肌腱。

Methods: 28 patients with isolated patellofemoral complications after total knee arthroplasty were scaned by computed tomography. The epicondylar axis and tibial tubercle were used as references to measure rotational alignment of the femoral and tibial components.

28例施行人工全膝关节置换术后出现单纯髌股关节并发症的患者进行膝关节轴位CT扫描，选择股骨髁上轴和胫骨结节作为CT扫描的参考标志来测量股骨假体和胫骨假体的旋转角度，分析旋转稳定性与髌股关节并发症的相关性。

The geometry and anatomy of the surface of the cartilage and corresponding subchondral osseous contours of patellofemoral joint were different.

根据髌股关节的软骨来测量各种数据能更客观准确地评估髌股关节对合的情况。

But our study suggested that the innervation of knee joint had two layer groups : the superficial layer group and the profunda layer group.

浅层为皮神经，部分干较粗，容易形成皮神经瘤；深层可以分为伸膝肌支膝关节支组成的髌上区组，隐神经分支组成的内侧及髌下区组，腓总神经关节支组成的后外侧区组，月国丛神经组成的月国区组4组。4组神经在关节囊外分布有重叠交叉，但区域明确。

They were divided into two groups. Eight of them underwent lateral retinacular overlap suture and medial retinacular release operation to create patellofemoral articular cartilage degeneration.

山羊髌股关节和胫股关节软骨退变模型的建立选用山羊16只，其中8只采用外侧支持带紧缩和内侧支持带松解的方法制造髌股关节退变的模型，另外8只采用前交叉韧带切断和内侧半月板切除的方法制造胫股关节退变的模型。

Result: The amplitudes of quantitative patellar tendon reflex and maximal volitional contraction of involved limbs were statistically lower than those of uninvolved ones. The decreasing extent of amplitude of quantitative patellar tendon reflex was statistically lower than that of maximal volitional contraction of quadriceps.

结果：患膝股四头肌的最大等长收缩和定量髌腱反射波幅均显著低于健侧，而髌腱反射肌电波幅的减低程度则显著地大于股四头肌最大等长收缩肌电波幅的减低程度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。