髌

Full-thickness cartilage defects, 0.5cm×0.5cm in size, were created at superior and lower area of femur trochlear in eight porcins (16 knees, 32 defects in all), the lesions in the right knees were untreated or treated by periosteum , the left knees were served as ACI groups (including monolayer and polylayer culture group), each defect was distributed into every control groups and every treated groups randomly.

在8头猪（16膝）股骨髁髌切迹上下各建立一个0.5cm×0.5cm大小的全层软骨缺损（共32个缺损），右膝为空白对照组和自体骨膜移植对照组，左膝为单层培养细胞组和复层培养细胞组，上下缺损随机进入各对照和试验组。

AIM: Nickel-titanium patellar concentrator can maintain fixation and pressure under human temperature, and keep fracture sites closely apposed.

目的：镍钛聚髌器在人体温度下产生的固定和加压作用为持续不断的，使出现吸收的骨折端继续紧密对合。

Objective To study the difference of healing process of reconstructing the knee cruciate ligaments with allograft tendons which were treated by program freezing and －80℃ deepfrozen.

目的 从实验角度观察程序冷冻液氮保存和－80℃深低温保存方法处理同种异体髌腱后重建膝关节交叉韧带的愈合过程并比较其差异。

Department of Orthopaedics,Qingdao Municipal Hospital,Qingdao 266000,ChinaAbstract:Objective To study the difference of healing process of reconstructing the knee cruciate ligaments with allograft tendons which were treated by program freezing and －80℃ deepfrozen.

目的 从实验角度观察程序冷冻液氮保存和－80℃深低温保存方法处理同种异体髌腱后重建膝关节交叉韧带的愈合过程并比较其差异。

Methods Reconstruct the ACL of the knee with the BPTB of rabbits which had been preserved for 2 weeks with －80℃ deepfrozen or liquid nitrogen deepfrozen after program freezing,and the cells poison response,cells activity,the maximum load and morphologic changes of the grafts were observed to compare the two allografting groups each other and compare them with the autografting group.

将兔的1/2骨髌腱骨复合体经-80℃深低温保存和程序冷冻液氮保存2周后观察冻存变化差异并行同种异体移植重建前交叉韧带，分别于术后3周和8周观察细胞毒反应、细胞活性、最大载荷和形态学变化等指标进行比较并与自体移植组对照。

Three weeks afer the allografting,there was no significant difference between the two al lografting groups in maximum load(P＞0.05),Eight weeks later,the maximum load of the group that was preserved by liquid nitrogen after program freezing(76.60±4.67)N was better than the group that was preserved by －80℃ deepfrozen(75.99±4.20) and similar with the autografting group(76.72±2.55).4.The healing process and histological behavior of the two deepfrozen groups are similar with the autografting group,and the program freezing group is better.

结果 a经程序冷冻液氮保存方法处理后，髌腱的最大载荷无明显下降，细胞活性得到了较好的保存，组织学观察冷冻损伤较－80℃深低温保存方法轻微；b程序冷冻液氮保存处理的移植物在术后未表现明显的排斥反应，且免疫反应随时间的推移而下降；c移植后3周，各组移植物的最大载荷无显著差异(P＞0.05)，移植后8周，程序冷冻液氮保存组移植物的最大载荷(55.87±1.86)N优于－80℃深低温保存组(52.14±2.79)，而和自体移植组相近(57.70±2.76)N；d从组织学观察看，－80℃深低温保存组和程序冷冻液氮保存组移植后的愈合过程均和自体移植组相似，而程序冷冻液氮保存组的愈合过程和组织学行为更接近于自体移植组。

Results 1.After treated by:program freezing,the maximum load of the allografts has no evident decrease and the cell activity of allografts was preserved well,the frozen hurt after program freezing was more slight than －80℃ deepfrozen,2.No evident reject reaction can be seen during the healing process after deep frozen and the reject reaction declined as the time pass by.3.Three weeks afer the allografting,there was no significant difference between the two al lografting groups in maximum load(P＞0.05),Eight weeks later,the maximum load of the group that was preserved by liquid nitrogen after program freezing(76.60±4.67)N was better than the group that was preserved by －80℃ deepfrozen(75.99±4.20) and similar with the autografting group(76.72±2.55).4.The healing process and histological behavior of the two deepfrozen groups are similar with the autografting group,and the program freezing group is better.

结果 a经程序冷冻液氮保存方法处理后，髌腱的最大载荷无明显下降，细胞活性得到了较好的保存，组织学观察冷冻损伤较－80℃深低温保存方法轻微；b程序冷冻液氮保存处理的移植物在术后未表现明显的排斥反应，且免疫反应随时间的推移而下降；c移植后3周，各组移植物的最大载荷无显著差异(P＞0.05)，移植后8周，程序冷冻液氮保存组移植物的最大载荷(55.87±1.86)N优于－80℃深低温保存组(52.14±2.79)，而和自体移植组相近(57.70±2.76)N；d从组织学观察看，－80℃深低温保存组和程序冷冻液氮保存组移植后的愈合过程均和自体移植组相似，而程序冷冻液氮保存组的愈合过程和组织学行为更接近于自体移植组。

Objective:To study the location and the length of cruciate ligament transposed from patellar ligament and the clinical significance.

摘 要：目的：探讨髌韧带移植重建交叉韧带距离及重建点的位置对膝关节功能恢复的影响。

The following muscle groups may need to be stretched: low back extensors, lumbar rotators, lumbar lateral flexors, hip adductors, hip abductors, hip rotators, hip flexors and hamstrings.

下列肌肉群可能需要牵拉：伸腰肌、旋转腰肌、侧屈腰肌、髋外展肌、髋内收肌、髌旋转肌、屈髋肌和大腿后群肌等。

It is more congruent with biologic mechanies and normal physiological anatomise,and it is more sensitively and effectively to detect early or dormant patello-femoral disease. Keywords:weight-bearing, Merchant view, Patello-femoral, projecting technology.

负重髌骨轴位投照法操作简便，实用性强，更符合生物力学原理，切合正常生理解剖，临床应用对早期及隐匿性髌股关节紊乱的检测更灵敏、更有效。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失