髂骨

Autologous bone marrow integrating artificial bone and ilium periosteum transplantation for the refractory nonunion, can achieve satisfactory results.

结论］自体骨髓复合人工骨联合髂骨骨膜移植治疗四肢难治性骨不连临床疗效优越。

Bone marrow was extracted from ilium of goat and gradient-centrifuged to obtain the third-passaged bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells.

羊髂骨穿刺取骨髓，梯度密度离心法分离获得第3代骨髓间充质干细胞。

Xia Zhigu including the hip (by the ilium, the buttock, ischium a), the femur, patella, tibia and fibula, seven tarsal bone (talus, calcaneus, scaphoid, the first, second and third wedge of bone, bone dice), Metatarsal 5 and toe bones, they were composed of hip, knee and ankle joints, plantar tarsal joints, metatarsophalangeal joint and toe joints.

下肢骨包括髋骨（由髂骨、耻骨、坐骨构成）、股骨、髌、胫骨、腓骨、跗骨七块（距骨、跟骨、舟骨、第一、二、三楔骨、骰骨）、跖骨五块和趾骨，它们分别组成髋关节、膝关节、踝关节、跗跖关节、跖趾关节和趾关节。

The quantitative measurement parameters included:(1) Anterolateral acetabular lip angle, ALAL,(2) Lateral acetabular inclination, LAI,(3) Transverse rotation of the acetabulum, TRA,(4) Spherical index of ossification center of the femoral head,(5) Diameter of ischium in acetabulum center.

在三维图像上，测量髋臼前外侧缘倾斜角、面髋臼上缘倾斜度、臼横向旋转角、骨头骨骺核球形指数，在横断面图像上测量髋臼中心坐骨的厚度；定性观察：根据髂骨部分髋臼上缘的病理变化，把所有异常侧髋臼分为两组，轻型缺损：髋臼上缘清晰可以辨认，重型缺损：髋臼上缘模糊不能辨认，或形成假臼。

All iliac hone graft fused well and a great deal of bony callus was found the vertebral body surface. Lucency area was in seen surrounding the hone graft, titanium and AC-AFF on the X-ray films, and there wan new bone formation in the interface of internal union and bone. The central region of titanium and AC-AFF became vague and new bone formation was found in the intracavitary aim of implants by CT scan. And port of the new hone transited the parietal reticulation and connected with normal ones at titanium and AC-AFF.

髂骨植骨组融合情况良好，融合界面上有较多的骨痂生成。X线摄片见植骨块、钛网、AC-AFF中空区域模糊且有骨组织生长，内植物周围无透光带存在，植骨界面上有骨桥形成；CT扫描在钛网及AC-AFF组可见内植物腔内形成的新骨通过其四壁的网眼结构与周围骨质相接，说明所有标本均达到骨性融合，但其中以AC-AFF组形成的新骨数量为多，且较为成熟。

Osteotome is placed medial to iliac crest in preparing to resect graft. B, After

将骨刀插入髂骨内侧准备切取植骨块； B 髋臼和股骨头已经去除软骨面，在髂

When chip or sliver grafts are required, remove them with an osteotome or gouge from the outer surface of the wing of the ilium taking only one cortex.

如需要碎骨片或骨条植骨，可用骨凿或弧形凿从髂骨冀外板取骨。

When chip or slier grafts are required, remoe them with an osteotome or gouge from the outer surface of the wing of the ilium taking only one cortex.

如需要碎骨片或骨条植骨，可用骨凿或弧形凿从髂骨冀外板取骨。

When removing a cortical graft from the outer table, first outline the area with an osteotome or power saw. Then peel the graft up by slight prying motions with a broad osteotome.

从髂骨外板切取皮质骨块时，先以骨凿或动力锯切割出取骨范围，然后再以宽骨凿轻撬取下骨块。

When remoing a cortical graft from the outer table, first outline the area with an osteotome or power saw. Then peel the graft up by slight prying motions with a broad osteotome.

从髂骨外板切取皮质骨块时，先以骨凿或动力锯切割出取骨范围，然后再以宽骨凿轻撬取下骨块。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。