髂骨

In addition to two l-z joints, the medial branches also innervate the multifidus muscle, the interspinous muscle and ligament, and the periosteum of the neural arch.7,28–30 The L5 nerve differs in that it is the dorsal ramus itself that runs along the junction of the sacral ala and superior articular process of the sacrum.29,31 Its medial branch arises opposite the inferolateral corner of the base of the lowest facet joint.

除了l-z关节以外，内侧支还支配多裂肌，棘间肌和韧带以及椎弓处的骨膜。L5神经有所不同，其背侧支本身走行于髂骨翼和髂骨的上关节突。其内侧支在最低关节囊的基底部下外侧角的对面发出。

The fusion rate of allograft+rhBMP-2 in lumbar posterolateral intertransverse fusion exeperiment in rabbits was 100%, and superior to autologous iliac crest and sustitute it.

得出结论：同种冷冻干燥异体骨+rhBMP-2复合物在兔子腰椎后外侧融合实验中，优于自体髂骨，可以取代自体髂骨，其融合率为100％，消除了假关节的发生。

Objective: The experiment will to observe: 1、the compound composed of carriers and rhBMP-2 excels or is similar to autologous iliac crest in posterolateral intertransverse spine arthrodesis in rabbits, 2、it may eliminated thd nonuions, 3、To explore the biologic process in spine arthrodesis and the role that accelaterated spine arthrodesis, 4、the roles of HA in spine fusion, by those compounds are used in posterolateral intertransverse fusion in rabbits.

目的：本实验通过rhBMP-2、HA复合物在兔子腰椎后外侧横突间融合的过程，观察了解：（1）rhBMP-2复合物在兔子腰椎后外侧横突间融合中，其作用能否优于或至少与自体髂骨相同，能否取代自体髂骨，免去取骨术。（2） rhBMP-2复合物的应用能否消除不融合的发生。（3）进一步了解脊柱融合的生物学过程，及rhBMP-2在脊柱融合生物学过程中所起的作用。（4）探讨HA在脊柱融合中的作用。

Results: At five weeks, the radiographically and manually determined fusion rate for autologous bone graft was 50％(4/8animals), compared with 100％ and 50％(8/8 and 4/8 anilmals) for groups in which fusions were done by using allograft and xenograft augumented with rhBMP-2. Xenograft+HA used in posterolateral intertransverse arthrodesis yielded a fusion rate of 0％(0/8 animals).

结果：手动试验示：1、自体髂骨组即对照组融合率为50％：2、各实验组融合率分别为：同种冷冻干燥异体骨+rhBMP-2组为100％；异种冷冻干燥骨+rhBMP-2组为50％；异种冷冻干燥骨+HA组为0％。X软片示：1、自体髂骨组即对照组X线评分均值为2.75分，融合率为62.5％；2、各实验组结果分别为：同种冷冻干燥异体骨+rhBMP-2组X线评分均值为4分，融合率为100％：异种冷冻干燥骨+rhBMP-2组X线评分均值为2.62分，融合率为62.5％。

After pedicle screw and rod system was placed, a bone block harvested from the posterosuperior iliac with a circular saw with diameter of 1.2 centmeter was implanted into the intervertebral space.

椎弓根钉棒系统固定后，用直径1.2 cm环锯在髂后上棘上端髂嵴处取髂骨植入椎间隙，然后调整钉棒系统，使其椎间隙适当缩小，植入椎体间及嵌入封口的髂骨块挤压牢固后，将钉棒系统固定。

Clinically, iliac screws have demonstrated decreased rod breakage rates, and better correction of pelvic obliquity than unthreaded rods, but several modern methods of iliac fixation have not been compared.

临床上，髂骨棒被证明可以减少棒的断裂，并且比螺纹杆能更好的矫正骨盆倾斜，但几个现代的髂骨内固定方法在矫正骨盆倾斜方面没有进行比较。

Muscle are eleated off the iliac crest and the inner table of the iliac wing.

把邻近髂前上棘的腹部肌肉和髂肌从髂骨嵴和髂骨环处断开。

After bone density and computed tomography assessment of the bones, benchtop biomechanical testing was conducted to compare the strength of the scaphoids after iliac and distal radius grafting, at 2-mm displacement, and at failure.

10对新鲜冷冻尸体手腕被用来做标准的腕楔形截骨术，相同外形的髂骨嵴和桡骨远端移植骨用无头加压空心螺钉固定，行骨密度和骨CT评估后，生物力学的测验被用来比较舟状骨行髂骨和桡骨远端骨移植后的强度，2mm的移动和失败？。

Results: Base on the dissection, the rabbits' sciatic nerve was composed of the seventh lumbar nerve and first and second sacral nerves. The sciatic trunk descended in front of the sacroiliac joint and escaped between the sacral bone and ilium, then left the pelvis from the greater sciatic notch. The segment of sciatic trunk which ran between the sacrum and ilium was stable and feasible for localization according to the related bony structures in CT scanning, so it was selected as irradiation target. After high dose of stereotactic radiation, the degeneration and necrosis in nerve fibers could be observed under microscope.

结果：通过解剖可见坐骨神经主干由第7腰神经和第1、2荐神经组成，坐骨神经主干从荐髂关节下、荐骨和髂骨之间穿出后，跨过坐骨大切迹的一段坐骨神经主干位置恒定，且有荐骨和髂骨做定位标志，可作为CT定位的照射靶点，单次大剂量照射后镜下可见神经纤维变性坏死。

A radiosurgery treatment planning was performed on the selected nerve segment, its changes of pathology and ultrastructure were observed. Results: Base on the dissection, the rabbits' sciatic nerve was composed of the seventh lumbar nerve and first and second sacral nerves. The sciatic trunk descended in front of the sacroiliac joint and escaped between the sacral bone and ilium, then left the pelvis from the greater sciatic notch.

结果：通过解剖可见坐骨神经主干由第7腰神经和第1、2荐神经组成，坐骨神经主干从荐髂关节下、荐骨和髂骨之间穿出后，跨过坐骨大切迹的一段坐骨神经主干位置恒定，且有荐骨和髂骨做定位标志，可作为CT定位的照射靶点，单次大剂量照射后镜下可见神经纤维变性坏死。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。