髁的

Results: When the slide segment was retained 1 mm width,the fifth cheek tooth and anterior edge midpoint of condyle process anterior slope and coracoid process showed negative displacement and the angle of mandible and the posterior edge midpoint of condyle process posterior slope showed positive displacement on x axes.

结果：在牵张过程中牵张侧下颌骨标志点位移趋势为在内外方向上第五臼齿、喙突、髁状突前斜面前缘中点的运动趋势是向外的，而下颌角、髁状突后斜面后缘中点的运动趋势是向内的；在前后方向上第五臼齿、喙突的运动趋势是向后的，而下颌角的运动趋势是向前的；在上下方向上第五臼齿的运动趋势是向上的。

Objective To approach the operation treatment curative about condyle of humerus comminuted fracture effect .

目的 探讨肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折的手术治疗疗效。方法对19例肱骨髁沟粉碎性骨的的。

Material and MethodsRA Rabbit Model group: 15 early RA rabbits of the same weight and variety Control group:10 normal rabbits of the same weight and varietyMethods of making RA rabbit model:elect 15 normal rabbits of the same weight and variety, dissolve Ovalbumin in 0.9% sodium chloride solution, to make the solution of 20mg/ml concengtration, blend the same quantity of complete Freund′s Adjuvant equably ,inject the mixed solution into endermic tissue of the rabbit′s scapular section, making the rabbits allergic, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution to one rabbit every time, inject 1 ml of the mixed solution in 5 different places of the rabbit′s scapular section, inject the rabbit one time every week,inject 3 weeks continuously,it turned out to be that the rabbits will be allergic, inject Ovalbumin blent with the 0.9% sodium chloride solution into the knee joint cavity of the rabbits in the fourth week, 5 mg Ovalbumin every knee joint cavity,two knees of every rabbit of the 15 rabbits are both injected,the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will be added obviously in 24 hours,and they will drop gradually,at the time of the 14th or 21th day, the arthrosis diameter and the exterior temperature of the knees will get to the balance time,the incidence rate of RA is 100%.after the RA model succeeds,it is the early time of RA from the first week to the fourth week,after the fourth week,it is the late time of RA, the cartilage of the femoral condyle and the subchondral bone cortices will be changed unrecoverily.

资料与方法RA模型组：早期RA家兔模型15只，品种及体重接近。对照组：正常家兔10只，品种及体重接近。RA家兔模型制作方法：选取15只成年家兔，体重、品种接近，将卵蛋白溶解于生理盐水，配成浓度为20mg/ml的溶液，与等量完全弗氏佐剂混匀，注入家兔肩胛区皮下致敏，每只家兔每次注射1ml，于肩胛区5个不同区域注射，每周一次，连续注射3周而致敏，第4周向膝关节腔注射卵蛋白生理盐水溶液，每只关节腔注射5mg卵蛋白，15只家兔膝关节全部注射，24h内此关节直径和表面温度大幅度上升，以后缓慢下降，至14～21d达到平台期，发病率达100%。造模成功后第1～4周为早期改变，第4周以后出现不可逆的关节软骨及骨破坏。采用高频超声对RA模型组与对照组的膝关节髌上囊液体厚度、滑膜及股骨髁软骨厚度及软骨下骨皮质的回声情况进行对比观察。结果RA组模型组膝关节髌上囊积液及滑膜的厚度明显厚于对照组，其股骨髁软骨的厚度与对照组相比无明显差异，其软骨下骨皮质与对照组相比无明显改变。

Closed treatment of condyle fracture does not mean intermaxillary fixation for a long period, it restores the movement of the fractured condyle as quickly as possible and maintains the jaw and occlusion intermittently in their correct position by maxillomandibular elastic traction.

髁突骨折的保守治疗并不意味着长期的领间固定，而是通过间歇性的颌间牵引来保持颌骨与咬合的正常位置；同时，还要尽可能快速恢复髁突的运动。

The transepicondylar axis of different position has no effect on volume rendering technique measuring the humeral head retroversion angle with multi slice spiral CT.The top view at which lateral epicondyle of the humerus showing minitriangulum and the anterior surface of the distal humerus articulation with the forearm being shaded is more simple,faster and precise for the volume rendering technique measuring the humeral head retroversion angle with multi slice spiral CT.

结论］肱骨头扭转角变异较大，肩关节假体扭转角设计应个性化；肱骨远端不同位置内外上髁轴线对多层螺旋CT容积再现测量肱骨头扭转角没有影响；俯视位观察肱骨，当外上髁露出呈小三角形、肱骨远端前关节面被肱骨头遮盖重叠的位置是多层螺旋CT三维重建测量肱骨头扭转角的更简单、更快捷而且准确的测量位置。

2The fixation with the flexion angle of 90°in the supinator position is adopted if the Jateral side presents, displacement and medial periostenm is broken and the"hinge"of the lateral periosteum remained unbroken.

本研究从生物力学角度探明肱骨髁上部的力学特性，并提出合理的固定方法，为治疗肱骨髁上骨折，预防肘内翻提供了理论依据，具有重要的临床意义。

Results VA and bone structures of the craniovertebral junction were clearly observed and measured in three-dimensional visualization. The exposure of dens was improved in one third condylectomy. However, the decision to perform condylectomy and its extent should be made based on relationship between abnormal dens and occipital condyle.

结果 三维可视化技术使枕颈结合处椎动脉和骨结构的三维构象得到清晰的观察和测量；入路中磨除1/3枕髁能改善齿状突的显露，但应结合病变状态下齿状突与枕髁等结构的关系决定是否磨除或磨除的范围。

Costochondral graft (cartilage 3-5mm long) reconstruction of the mandibular condyle in the growing goats results in a nearly normal new coodyle, which can maintain normal development of the mandible. Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project.

保留关节盘的自体CCG（软骨长度3~5mm）重建生长期山羊下颌髁突后，能够改建成接近正常髁突的形态，并维持该侧下颌骨的同步生长发育。

Therefore to study the molecule regulation mechanism of development and maturation of condylar cartilage in embryo, can not only discover the mechanism of its physiological rebuilding and restoration to set up the academic base for related treatment in clinic, but possiblely supply new treatment methods for trauma and destruction to articular cartilage. Histological and immunohistochemistry methods have been used to state the feature of development of the mandibular condylar cartilage, and molecule mechanism of its endochondral ossification.

目前对四肢关节软骨、生长板软骨的发生及再生修复的研究较为深入，而髁突软骨的发生、生理改建及再生修复机制的研究尚处于起步阶段，因此研究胚胎期髁突软骨发育及形成的分子调控机制，可望揭示其生理性改建及损伤修复的机制，为临床有关治疗奠定理论基础，并可能为关节软骨的损伤及破坏提供新的治疗手段。

A thickening of the posterior joint capsule, the proximal popliteus capsular expansion, which in this study averaged 40.5 mm in length, connected the posteromedial knee capsule at its attachment at the intercondylar notch to the medial border of the popliteus musculotendinous junction.

后方的关节囊增厚，在此研究中大约是40.5mm左右长，连接后正中的膝关节囊于其髁结节处，髁间窝连接到腘肌肉和肌腱的交接处。

By using competitive adsorption of activated carbom to remove unfavorable influence of carbon in carbonaceous gold concentrate on leaching process, the leaching rate of gold concentrate can be improved to 88% as compared with 10%by direct cyanidation.

本文论述了利用活性炭竞争吸附作用，消除含炭金精矿中炭在浸出过程中的影响，使金精矿的浸出率可由直接氰化的10％提高到88％。

The only thing you're ever gonna be king of is King of the Stupids!

你只配做傻瓜的国王！