骨针

There was a bone pin that may have been from a piece of clothing such as a leather coat .

有骨针可能已经从一件衣服，如皮衣。

Moreover, they were capable of using stone axe, adze and chisel to process timber and built the "pole-railing" style houses; they used spinning wheel, bone shuttle and bone needle to make thread and weave cloth; they were also very skillful in making pottery mixed with charcoal in various shapes; in their leisure time, they had "beauty" and "God" to meet their spiritual demand, beautified practical utensils very delicately and had created lots of very divertive artwork such as the ivory sculpture that is in consummate craftsmanship and with profound implication and that has become the best name card for Hemudu culture which is famous worldwide

此外，他们还会用石斧、锛、凿加工木材，因地制宜建造"干栏"式房屋；用纺轮、骨梭、骨针等纺线织布；还能熟练制作形式多样的夹炭陶器；温饱之余，还把"美"和"神"作为心灵之需，精心美化实用器物，并创作出不少情趣盎然的原始艺术品，如工艺精湛、意韵深邃的象牙雕刻器，已成为河姆渡文化蜚声中外的最佳名片

In the light of the paleoenvironmental significance reflected by the radiolaria, graptolite, brachiopod,sponge spicule and the rock character, its suggested that the greyish green mudstone at the basal WufengFormation of the Goujiaya section would be probably deposited in 60 to 100 meters deep water, theGuanyinqiao bed in 50 to 80 meters deep, and the radiolaria-bearing silicalite from Wufeng Formation inwater with 200 to 400 meters deep. Combining the above-mentioned water depth with the sea-level changecycles, the change range of every one of the 5 cycles could be further conjectured. They were in ascendingorder: 20～120 m, 80～130 m, about 150 m, 50～250 m, and in excess of 200 m.

根据放射虫、笔石、腕足类、海绵骨针以及岩性等对古环境的指示意义，认为五峰组底部灰绿色泥岩段产出时水深约60-100m，观音桥层水深约50-80m，在晚奥陶世最大海侵期(对应于T.typicus亚带下部)，水深约400m，五峰组含放射虫硅质岩沉积时最小水深约200m，结合以上海平面变化的5次旋回，从而推算出各旋回海平面的变化幅度：在第①旋回，海平面变化范围大致为20～120m；在第②、第③和第④旋回中，海平面变化分别为80～130 m、大约150 m和50～250m；第⑤旋回的海平面升降幅度大于200 m。

In the light of the palenenvironmental significance reflected by the radiolaria, graptolite, brachiopod, sponge spicule and the rock character, it's suggested that the grayish green mudstone at the basal Wufeng Formation of the Goujiaya section would be probably deposited in 60 to 100meters deep water, the Guanyinqiao bed in 50 to 80meters deep, and the radiolaria-bearing silicalite from Wufeng Formation in water with 200 to 400 meters deep. Combining the above-mentioned water depth with the sea-level change cycles, the change range of every one of the 5 cycles could be further conjectured. They were in ascending order: 20～120m, 80～130m, about 150m, 50～250m, and in excess of 200m.

根据放射虫、笔石、腕足类、海绵骨针以及岩性等对古环境的指示意义，认为五峰组底部灰绿色泥岩段产出时水深约60-100m，观音桥层水深约50-80m，在晚奥陶世最大海侵期(对应于T.typicus亚带下部)，水深约400m，五峰组含放射虫硅质岩沉积时最小水深约200m，结合以上海平面变化的5次旋回，从而推算出各旋回海平面的变化幅度：在第①旋回，海平面变化范围大致为20～120m；在第②、第③和第④旋回中，海平面变化分别为80～130m、大约150m和50～250m；第⑤旋回的海平面升降幅度大于200m。

The spicules in the gonad as well as in the digestive gland were also morphologically and quantitatively described.

typicus 的雌性略大於雄性，以及生殖腺和消化腺内存有骨针，在此亦被证实，并且对其生殖腺和骨针，有定性和定量的描述。

Bone rongeur wit...

骨针；刺骨针

We report a sponge spicule assemblage from the Lower Cambrian black shales of the Hetang Formation at Xiuning in Anhui Province, South China. Based on morphological differences, the spicules can be divided into 4 types including monaxons, biaxons, triaxons and tetraxons.

本文报道皖南休宁县早寒武世荷塘组黑色页岩中产出的海绵骨针化石组合，这些海绵骨针化石具有较高的丰度和分异度，它们以二轴四射针、T型针、三轴六射针和三轴五射针为主。

In juveniles, the structure of the tissues in the mesoyl layer were looser than the surface layer and there were more black chromatocytes in the surface layer than the mesohyl layer. The compositions of spicules were different in various stages of the sponge. There were no spicules in embryos and larvae. In juveniles, microscleres were the main components. However, megascleres of oxea and strongyle were the major types in adult.

在骨针组成方面，黑色软海绵随不同发育时期而有差异，在胚胎以及幼生阶段体内皆无骨针存在，白色及黑色幼体体内之骨针的组成为小型骨针，有oxyaster euaster及 oxyaster oxyspheraster两型，以及大型骨针尖杆体及二辐钝端骨针两型；而黑色软海绵成体的骨针组成为大型骨针，并未发现存在於幼体体内之小型骨针。

There are three kinds of megaspicules: oxea, protriaene and anatriaene.

其骨针形态有牙签形，前三叉形及后三叉形大骨针。

In this contribution, we review the major findings in the study of the microstructure and optical performances in sponge spicules, and then discuss the progress and significance of studying sponge spicules.

评述了海绵骨针内部结构和光学特性的发现、海绵骨针研究的热点领域及研究意义，并简要介绍了海绵骨针的国内外研究概况及主要工作。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。