骨软骨的

The pathology, clinical manifestations, X-ray findings and treatment principles of benign bone tumors, osteochondroma, chondroma and giant cell tumor of bone .

良性骨肿瘤：骨软骨瘤，软骨瘤，骨巨细胞瘤的病理，临床表现，X线表现及治疗原则。

The approach also is used for osteochondritis dissecans inoling the lateral part of the dome of the talus and for osteochondromatosis of the ankle.

该入路还适用于治疗累及距骨圆顶部的踝关节剥脱性骨软骨炎，以及踝关节骨软骨瘤病。

Current application for hip arthroscopy include management of labral tears, osteoplasty for femoroacetabular impingement, thermal capsulorrhaphy and capsular plication for subtle rotational instability and capsular laxity, lateral impact injury and chondral lesions, osteochondritis dissecans, ligamentum teres injuries, internal and external snapping hip, removal of loose bodies, synovial biopsy, subtotal synovectomy, synovial chondromatosis, infection, and certain cases of mild to moderate osteoarthritis with associated mechanical symptoms.

目前髋关节镜主要应用于盂唇撕裂的处理、股骨髋臼的撞击症的骨成形、隐匿性髋关节旋转不稳的热关节囊紧缩或关节囊皱折术，治疗软骨损伤、剥脱性骨软骨炎、圆韧带损伤、内源性或外源性弹响髋，清除游离体、滑膜活检、滑膜次全切、滑膜软骨瘤病、感染和某些伴有机械症状的轻度至中度骨性关节炎。

The promising clinical results of this study suggest that autologous chondrocyte transplantation is an effective and safe way to treat symptomatic osteochondral defects of the talus in appropriately selected patients.

这项研究的临床结果预示适当选择距骨骨软骨缺损的病人采用自体骨软骨细胞移植是一种安全有效的方法。

The epiphyseal line or plate represents an area of cartilage tissue which is constantly being replaced by new bony tissue as the bone grows.

骨骺板或骨骺线指的是一个软骨的组织区，在骨的生长过程中，软骨组织不断被新生骨组织所代替。

Results: 1 Intense ERα immunoreactivity localized in the hypertrophic and maturative layer, and some immunoreactivity was found in osteoblasts of mandible and temporal bone, while no immunoreactivity was found in the disc and synovium. 2 The expression of ERα in male rats TMJ cartilage was higher than that in female ones. 3 In the condyle cartilage of male rats, the density of ERα positive cells decreased with age, which kept stable after 16 weeks of age. 4 In the condyle cartilage of male rats, the density of ERα positive cells was stable from birth to 8 weeks, but decreased from 16 weeks to 12 months, while the density in 18-month group recovered to the level of 8 weeks. Conclusion: TMJ is one of target organs of estrogen, and ERα plays an important role in the effect of estrogen on TMJ.

结果：1TMJ中ERα主要在髁突软骨的肥大层和过渡层表达，下颌骨和颞骨的骨细胞也有少量表达，而关节盘、滑膜中几乎无表达；2雄性SD大鼠髁突软骨中ERα的表达明显强于同龄的雌性大鼠；3在雄性大鼠TMJ髁突软骨中阳性细胞密度随年龄增长逐渐降低，16周以后逐渐维持在相对稳定的水平；4雌性大鼠从出生后到8周龄阳性细胞密度基本稳定，在16周龄至12月龄年龄组阳性细胞密度显著降低，而在18月龄后又恢复到8周龄以前的水平。

Results: The expressing rate of OPG was significant different between osteosarcoma and osteochondroma.

结果： 骨肉瘤与骨软骨瘤OPG的表达有显著性差异，骨肉瘤与骨软骨瘤OPGL的表达无显著性差异。

Both Fas and NO can lead chondrocyte apoptosis respectively and cause articular cartilage destruction. IGF-Ⅰ, TGF-β, bFGF, BMP and other growth factors are polypeptide agents that can influence cell activity by signal convection. They can accelerate chondrocyte proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis, play the local regulation action on formation and plerosis of bone and cartilage tissue by autocrine or paracrine. They have the ability to induce cartilage formation. Some investigations showed that growth factors can influence chondrocyte metabolism, synthesis of specific Ⅱ type collagen and proteoglycan by co-operation and inhibition. 1. 3 Situation of OA therapeutics The therapeutic methods of OA mainly comprised non-drug treatment, drug treatment, operation treatment, tissue and genetic engineering, et al. Drug treatment is the chief method among them.

若其活性发生改变，则将导致关节软骨基质成分的丢失和进行性破坏；软骨细胞凋亡与OA的发病密切相关，Fas与NO可各自独立介导软骨细胞凋亡，造成关节软骨破坏；IGF-Ⅰ、TGF-β、bFGF、BMP等生长因子是一组通过细胞间信号传递影响细胞活动的多肽因子，具有促进细胞生长、增殖与合成等作用，可通过自分泌或旁分泌方式对骨和软骨的形成和修复起局部调节作用，可促进软骨细胞增殖、分化与蛋白多糖的合成，具有较强的诱导软骨形成的能力，研究表明多种生长因子相互促进、相互抑制，以协同或拮抗方式影响软骨细胞代谢，影响软骨细胞特异性Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖的合成分泌。

Drill of cross pin system was used to make defects vertically to cartilage face at condylus medialis femoris of left knee joint in rabbits.

用横穿钉钻头在兔左膝关节股骨内侧髁垂直于软骨面制造缺损，缺损深4 mm，直径4.45 mm，自体移植组取右膝关节内侧髁骨软骨柱植入到左侧膝关节相应缺损处，异体移植组将经过程序性深低温冷冻保存的同种异体骨软骨柱移植到相应缺损处。

Of hereditary multiple exostoses and solitary osteochondromas, 9% and 1.3% to 4.1%, respectiely, occur in the spine. In either case, neurologic symptoms are not common.

遗传性多发性外生骨疣病和孤立骨软骨瘤发生于脊柱的比率分别是9%及1.3%~4.1%，两种情况（发生于脊柱的遗传性多发外生骨疣及孤立骨软骨瘤）下，神经系统症状并不常见。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。