骨软骨的

Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510080, P.R.China Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disorder world-wide. It is clear that all tissues of the joint i.e. cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial membrane, are involved and their respective pathobiologies are inter-related.

骨关节炎(osteoarthritis， OA)是世界上最常见的骨骼系统疾患之一，关节所有组织（如滑膜组织，软骨，软骨下骨）均参与 OA 病变过程且它们的各自的病理生理学改变是内在相关的。

More thicker epiphyseal plate were found in the left femurs than the right femurs of the group fixed with plates at 3 and 6 month after operation. In the group fixed with plates, Safranine O staining showed epiphyseal plates ot the left femurs had more fuscous staining than the right femurs at 3 and 6 month after operation. Electron microscopy also found that the cells of the epiphyseal plates of left femurs were more eugenic than the right femurs in the group fixed with plates at 3 and 6 month after operation.

光镜学实验结果示滑动钢板固定的左侧股骨骨骺板总厚度及肥大细胞计数均明显大于普通组；组织化学观察示滑动钢板固定的左侧股骨骺板于术后3个月及6个月Safranine O组织化学染色明显深于普通组；电镜观察示滑动钢板固定的左侧股骨骨骺于术后3个月及6个月软骨增殖区软骨细胞分裂及生长较普通钢板固定的右侧活跃。

Large cancellous and corticocancellous grafts may be obtained from the anterosuperior iliac crest and the posterior iliac crest. Small cancellous grafts may be obtained from the greater trochanter of the femur, femoral condyle, proximal tibial metaphysis, medial malleolus of the tibia, olecranon, and distal radius. At least 2 cm of subchondral bone must remain to aoid collapse of the articular surface.

大块的松质骨或皮质-松质骨复合植骨块，可取自髂前上棘或髂后棘，小块松质骨块可以取自股骨大粗隆、股骨髁、胫骨近侧干骺端、内踝、尺骨鹰嘴及桡骨远端，但至少要保留2cm的软骨下骨以防止关节面的塌陷。

Large cancellous and corticocancellous grafts may be obtained from the anterosuperior iliac crest and the posterior iliac crest. Small cancellous grafts may be obtained from the greater trochanter of the femur, femoral condyle, proximal tibial metaphysis, medial malleolus of the tibia, olecranon, and distal radius. At least 2 cm of subchondral bone must remain to avoid collapse of the articular surface.

大块的松质骨或皮质-松质骨复合植骨块，可取自髂前上棘或髂后棘，小块松质骨块可以取自股骨大粗隆、股骨髁、胫骨近侧干骺端、内踝、尺骨鹰嘴及桡骨远端，但至少要保留2cm的软骨下骨以防止关节面的塌陷。

Osteoarthritis of the facet joints is similar to that of all diarthrodial joints, which displayed many changes such as cartilaginous surface defects, subchondral bone sclerosis, osteophyte formation, narrow capsule, apophyseal misalignment, and synovial hyperplasia.

腰小关节骨性关节炎同其他关节的骨性关节炎一样，表现为软骨面的病损，软骨下骨的硬化及骨赘形成，关节腔狭窄，关节囊增厚及滑膜增生等改变。

It can expedites proliferation and synthesizing active of cartilage cell and osteoblast too. Quicken ossification in the cartilagines and improving bone repair. But it has no influence to engendering blood vessel.

在骨愈合早期、中期，中药可加强巨核细胞的聚集及增强其活性，并可促进软骨细胞、成骨细胞的增殖及合成活性，加快软骨内骨化，促进骨愈合；而对血管形成无明显作用。

All rats were sacrificed at 12 weeks after operation. the macro-pathological changes of samples were graded by mankin's scale.bone mineral density of right distal femoras and femora condyles were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanner.

术后12周处死动物取材，采用mankin评分系统评分；用双能骨密度仪测量右侧股骨远端1/4骨密度和股骨内外侧髁软骨下骨的骨密度；右侧股骨髁脱钙后切片，行番红&o&染色和mmp-13免疫组化染色；右侧胫骨近端做硬组织切片，测量软骨下松质骨的骨组织形态计量学参数。

Immunohistochemistrical section: observe the VEGF protein expression in different cells, the positive ratio detected by a morphometrical analysis system was used as the amount of the VEGF protein expression.

免疫组化染色切片：观察不同给药时间股骨头内VEGF的表达情况；高倍视野下（400倍）沿骨小梁表面计数50个成骨细胞中的阳性细胞数，VEGF成骨细胞阳性率=阳性成骨细胞数/50×100％，3次取平均值；计数每个高倍视野软骨细胞中的阳性细胞数，VEGF软骨细胞阳性率=阳性软骨细胞数/软骨细胞总数×100％，5次取平均值。

Other potential autologous chondrocyte sources in vivo include auricular, nasoseptal and costal cartilage with differences function, structure, and composition which result in different discrete biochemical, physical and biomechanical properties.

体内其他作为自体软骨细胞源包括耳骨、鼻中隔、肋软骨、颞颌关节髁突软骨等，而不同的软骨源具有不同的结构、组成和功能，产生具有不同生化、物理和生物力学特性的细胞及细胞外基质。

Methods: Immunohistochemical study of CD133 expression: 55 cases osteosarcoma conventional paraffin-embedded tissues specimens come from Pathology Department Qilu Hospital Shandong University, including 4 cases parosteal osteosarcoma, 13 cases fibroblast-type osteosarcoma , 12 cases chondroblastic osteosarcoma and 26 cases Osteoblastoma osteosarcoma.

免疫组化研究CD133的表达：取自本院病理科的骨肉瘤常规石蜡包埋组织蜡块标本55例，其中骨旁骨肉瘤4例，纤维母细胞型骨肉瘤13例，软骨母细胞型骨肉瘤12例，骨母细胞型骨肉瘤26例，切成3μm的组织切片备用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。