骨软骨的

He type of ossein in group B was mainly type Ⅰ collagen while that in group A type Ⅱ and it exhibited as a process of fiber formation in group C. The reason for why TGF-β〓 can promote ossification induced by BMP is that can promote the differentiation and proliferation of mesenchymal cells to supply more target cells for BMP, promote the differentiation and proliferation of mature osteocytes and chondrocytes, inhibit metalloproteinase to decrease the destruction of bone tissue and promote calcification of bone matrix.

GF-〓能促进BMP骨诱导作用主要因其能促进间充质细胞的分裂增殖为BMP提供丰富的靶细胞、促进成熟骨及软骨细胞的分裂增殖、促进骨细胞产生Ⅰ型胶原而抑制软骨细胞产生Ⅱ型胶原，抑制金属蛋白酶的活性以减少组织破坏、促进基质钙化等作用而使骨生成能力增加，提示它和BMP具有协同作用。

Through dynamic observation in the morphology with a microscope, we first proved that osteophyte arises from the proliferation of peripheral articular cartilage and further endochondral ossification.

我们在显微镜下通过对骨赘形成的动态观察，首次证明骨赘是由周边关节软骨细胞增殖，再经软骨内化骨而形成的。

More advanced disease is manifested by severe joint space narrowing, marked osteophyte formation at the joint margins, dense sclerosis of subchondral bone, and subchondral cysts.

更严重的疾病，表现为关节间隙更窄狭，在关节边缘有明显骨赘形成，软骨下骨坚实硬化以及软骨下囊肿。

More advanced disease is manifested by severe joint ace narrowing, marked osteophyte formation at the joint margi , de e sclerosis of subchondral bone, and subchondral cysts.

更严重的疾病，表现为关节间隙更窄狭，在关节边缘有明显骨赘形成，软骨下骨坚实硬化以及软骨下囊肿。

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether longitudinal change in cartilage thickness in femorotibial subregions of knees with radiographic osteoarthritis differs from that in healthy knees.

当治疗骨关节炎时，应该以软骨下骨转换为治疗靶向吗？目的：探讨X线影像证实的骨关节炎膝盖的股胫亚区中软骨厚度的纵向变化是否与健康膝盖不同。

TyPe II collagen induced arthritisln the rat ank1e joint andoVathumin as antigen induced arthritis WA in the rabbit knee joint wereestab1ish2 Qualitative evaluation of me in skin, muscle, synovium, cedilagearound joint and blood was performed by OMA3 The CIA rats were treated on day 7 after hind paw swelling and erythemaAnimals were injected intravenously with ase at a dose of 10mg/kg,tWenty minuots 1ater, one ankle of the rats random1y assigned was exPosedlaser irradiation at l00J/cm fOr l000 seconds, and another ankle wasM grouP wihout laser The other two groups is unmanipulatedcontrol group and untreated CIA group Bimaleolar ankle widthmeasuremellts were taken in all animals every tWo days using amicrometer The histopathology of the ank1e Joint was assessed at day 21after disease onset4 The pro1iferating cell nuclear antigen WCNA of CIA treated by PDT andthe HMME group without laser was doterdrined by immunohistochemiStry5 The AfA rabbits were treated on day 7 after knee swelling and erythemaThe theraPy invo1ved lntravenous injection of l0mg/kg HMME, fOl1owedby 20 minues period in dim light, and transdermal light treatment with\l00 J/cm2 fOr l000 seconds The inner sides of the treated Anees wereirradiated at first, and then the outer side did 24 hours later, the synovialtissue of the Anees joint were removed and in situ cel1 aPoptosis wasdetCCted With tednal deoxync1eotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labelingR6suIt8:l The pathologic changes of CIA and AIA include subsynovial inflammation,opovial hyPerplasia, pannus formation, cartilage and bone destructionresemble RA.2 The studies demonstrated that there are different uptake of HMME withinskin, muscle, synovium, cartilage and b1ood, and the synovium cou1draPidly uPtake more ase than skin and cartilage at the firSt 30 minuesaller intravenous injection of HMME3 The bimaleolar anke width had no different among PDT treated group,H group withollt 1aser and untreated CIA group But hlstologicalevaluation showed statiStical1y significallt reductions in synovialhyperplasia, pannus formation and cart1lage reosion, bone destruction andtotal score in PDT treated group4 Image analysis showed that the ratlo bforeen the areas of the coufltedobect to that of the entire area in PDTtreated grOup is lower than that in conirol group, but the integrated oPticaldensity had no different between the two groups5 Imape analysis showed that the ratio between the area of the countedobject to that of the e

治疗组在大鼠出现踝关节红肿后1周，炎症达到高峰时进行PDT治疗。随机治疗大鼠一侧的踝关节，另。2。一一侧作单纯HMME 对照。治疗方法是大鼠麻醉后尾静脉注入 HMME10ngkg，20分钟后踝关节照光，激光波长627.sum，功率密度 100mwcm'，照射时间1000秒，能量密度100）／。治疗后避光喂养72 小时。隔日一次测量大鼠的踝关节左右横径，治疗后两周取关节进行病理d 观察。 4。大鼠CIA模型用上述方法进行PDT治疗后，治疗组和单纯HMME 组用兔疫组化SP法检测石蜡切片的核增殖抗原。 5。兔AIA模型在关节炎出现第七天进行PDT治疗，随机治疗一侧膝关节，另一侧作自身对照。兔耳静脉注入I'arrainrelomg／Kg，20分钟后，膝关节用金蒸气激光照射，激光能量密度100）儿旷。24 ／J'时后取膝关节滑膜作病理检查，并用脱氧核昔酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法原位检测凋亡细胞。结果： 1。模型观察：CIA大鼠炎症高峰期滑膜下炎细胞浸润明显，滑膜细胞明显增殖，炎症达到高峰后二周，血管缀形成，并侵蚀和破坏软骨和骨， CIA模型病理改变与人类RA相似。兔AIA模型膝关节滑膜病理可见滑膜细胞增生，滑膜下炎细胞浸润，也与人类RA滑膜改变相似。 2。关节周围组织中光敏剂含量的测定结果表明，各组织对HMME 的吸收速度和吸收量不同，荧光值一时间曲线不同，滑膜组织比皮肤和软骨对 HMME的吸收多，在 2 0分钟时即有明显差异。 3.PDT对CIA模型的治疗结果表明：PDT治疗后关节炎组、单纯 HMME组和治疗组踝关节左右横径统计学检验差异没有显著性，但病理评分PDT治疗组滑膜增生、血管资形成及软骨破坏、骨破坏和总分比关节炎对照组和HMME对照组好，统计学检验差异有显著性。。3＿军医进修学院硕士学位论文中文摘要 4.PDT治疗组PCNA阳性细胞较对照组少，图像分析结果表明面密度（阳性染色的面积总和与统计视野面积的比值）治疗组小于对照组，统计学检验差异有显著性。。 5.PDT治疗组凋亡阳性细胞较对照组明显增多，图像分析结果单位视野内阳性细胞数和面密度PDT治疗组高于对照组，统计学检验差异有显著性。凋亡细胞核直径PDT治疗组较小，与对照组相比，统计学检验差异有显著性。结论：二。CIA、AIA的病理改变类似人类RA，可作为研究RA病因、发病机制、检查及治疗方法的模型。 2。各组织对HMME的吸收速度和吸收量不同，滑膜组织比皮。

Evaluate MRI representation:(1) segregation condition: transfixation band, segregation between cartilage and bone, segregation between bone and bone;(2) four stages of pathologic classification based on MRI signal character;(3) texture in weight bearing zone;(4) add Bone Marrow Edema score and joint effusion score as stasis index.

术前MRI评估：(1)股骨头内分离情况：贯穿带、软骨与骨分离，软骨下骨与骨分离；(2)股骨头内信号的病理分期；(3)冠状正中位的髋臼负重区下结构；(4)将股骨头骨髓水肿评分和关节积液评分相加记为关节的瘀积指数。

Results Positive staining for VEGF was distributed mostly in osteoblasts, osteoclasts and newly-born osteocytes. Vascular endothelial cells and bone marrow cells also showed VEGF positive reaction. Hypertrophic chondrocytes in calcifying region of chondroephysis were VEGF positive, but VEGF was absent from chondrocytes in other zones of chondroephysis.

结果 VEGF阳性反应主要见于成骨细胞、破骨细胞及新生骨细胞中，血管内皮细胞及骨髓细胞也呈阳性反应；骺软骨钙化区肥大的软骨细胞为VEGF阳性反应，但其它区域的软骨细胞中无VEGF表达。

In the period of 8 to 16 weeks after operation,new bone was formed continuously, artificial bone gradually reconstructed to mature lamellar bone,bone trabeculae and medullary cavity,etc. Conclusion The preparation of CPC is simple.

结果 CPC植入后4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织，可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。8～16周新骨继续生成，人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。

Results There existed new cartilage and new immature bone tissue in the bone substitute in 4 weeks after operation, as well as mass of cartilageous cells,osteoblasts, collagen tissue and more small vessels were seen. In the period of 8 to 16 weeks after operation,new bone was formed continuously, artificial bone gradually reconstructed to mature lamellar bone,bone trabeculae and medullary cavity,etc.

结果 CPC植入后4周有新生软骨形成及未成熟的骨组织，可见大量的软骨细胞、成骨细胞、胶原组织及较多的小血管。8～16周新骨继续生成，人工骨逐渐改建为成熟的板层骨、骨小梁和髓腔结构。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。