骨质的

PMMA is the most used lesion filling at present; There is not significant difference between unipedicular and bipedicular vertebroplasty; Using vertebral body venography and appropriate dense bone cement can reduce leakage; Bolster for self-replacement can rebound vertebral body height, and Balloon-PKP and Sky-PKP can be avoided; In order to reduce refracture of vertebral body, anti-osteoporosis drugs should be used.

PMMA是目前最常用的填充物；单侧注射和双侧注射疗效没有明显差别；应用造影剂及掌握合适的骨水泥黏稠度可以减少骨水泥的渗漏率；术前腰部垫枕自身复位可以恢复椎体的高度，避免采用操作复杂且价格昂贵的球囊－PKP及Sky-PKP；进行PVP时应该配合应用抗骨质疏松药物，以减少椎体再骨折的发生。

Polymethyl methacrylate is the most used filling materials at present; There is not significant difference between unipedicular and bipedicular vertebroplasty; Using vertebral body venography and appropriate dense bone cement can reduce leakage of bone cement; Bolster for self-replacement can rebound vertebral body height, and balloon kyphoplasty and sky bone expander kyphoplasty can be avoided; In order to reduce refracture of vertebral body, anti-osteoporosis drugs should be used in the treatment of percutaneous vertebroplasty.

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯是目前最常用的填充物；单侧注射和双侧注射疗效没有明显差别；应用对比剂及掌握合适的骨水泥黏稠度可以减少骨水泥的渗漏率；成形前腰部垫枕自身复位可以恢复椎体的高度，避免采用操作复杂及价格昂贵的球囊后凸成形及骨膨胀椎体后凸成形；进行经皮椎体成形时应该配合应用抗骨质疏松药物，以减少椎体再骨折的发生。

Fruit a loculicidally dehiscent capsule, schizocarp of 2-5 indehiscent mericarps, drupe, berry, or samara with a single surrounding wing, rarely an indehiscent capsule or nut with lateral style, pericarp bony, leathery, chartaceous, or fleshy, capsules smooth, angular, deeply lobed, transversely flattened and lobed to base, or connate, rarely prickly, laterally winged.

果为纵向开裂的蒴果，有2-5个不裂的分果瓣的分果，核果，浆果或者具有环绕的翅的翅果，很少为不裂的蒴果或者有侧花柱的坚果，果皮骨质，革质、纸质或肉质，蒴果光滑，有角，深裂到基部或合生，横向扁平，很少具刺，侧面有翅。

The 3-D finite element model of thoracolumbar spine was established based on the CT value of an aged volunteer using software Ansys-5. 0.The stress field and motion diagram of the thoracolumbar spine were evaluated, especially the change of that of augmented L〓 vertebral body with TCP-PMMA cement.

取一女性老年骨质疏松志愿者的〓的CT扫描图像，利用Ansys-5.0软件建立胸腰椎异物同构力学模型和椎间盘的三维有限元分析模型，分析在正常载荷下的胸腰段脊柱的应力场和移位场，着重分析椎体成形术后局部椎体增强对相邻椎体的应力场及移位场的影响。

The biomechanical tests showed that two kinds of artificial bones had not significant difference on compressive strength and Young\'s modulus(P＞0.05),while the flexural strength of nano-nacre artificial bone was less than the control group(P＜0.05).3.The results of CCK-8 showed that the difference were not significant in each group,the proliferation of osteoblast reached the peak at the 5th day;7 days after being co-cultured,the total protein content of study group was higher than control group and blank group(P＜0.05),while the difference between control group and blank group was not significantP＞0.05The difference of alkaline phosphatase activities among three groups was not significant(P＞0.05The SEM view showed that osteoblast attached and grew well in two kinds of artificial bone.4.X-ray photography showed that two kinds of powder started to degrade in 2 weeks;this phenomenon became more appear in 4 weeks,nano-nacre powder degraded faster than micron-nacre powder,while the hole shadow was easy to be found;in 8 weeks,all the femoral holes recovered and returned to normal bone mineral density in all groups.Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone grew fastest around the bone defect area in study group,while most slowly in blank groupP＜0.05 SEM(scanning electron microscope observation showed that nano-nacre powder degraded more quickly.The same result can be found through the demineralized sections morphometric analysis,and both of the composite artificial bones made from those two kinds of nacre powder had the good connection with the adjacent tissue in rats body without apparent inflammatory response.5.X-ray photography showed that rabbit\'s bone defects healed faster in study group since NNAB implanted than in control group since MNAB implanted.At 24 weeks after operation,bone density in radial defects had nearly accessed to the normal area,while lower in control group,and turned up nonunion in blank group;The checking of BMD showed that results in study group were higher than those in control group at 8,16 and 24 week(P＜0.05), and the difference between the BMD values in study group at 24 week and those in blank group was not significant(P＞0.05).The gross specimens showed satisfactory histocompatibility both in study group and in control group,with bone tissue growing from two sides into the center of implanted materials; Normal slices in HE stain and hard tissue grinding slices in Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin stain showed that the bone growth tendency was better in study group than that in control group,and the medullary cavity had been penetrated to the implanted materials in study group at 24 week;Analysis of tetracycline fluorescent double marks in the hard tissue grinding slices indicated that new bone in both groups grew fastest 8 weeks after surgery,while slow down at 16 week.

纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨分别与成骨细胞共培养后，其各时间点CCK-8法检测值与空白对照无显著差异(P＞0.05)，成骨细胞均在第5天达到增殖高峰期；培养7天后，实验组细胞蛋白含量高于对照组及空白组(P＜0.05)，后两者之间则无显著差异P＞0.05碱性磷酸酶活性在三组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05电镜下可见成骨细胞在两种人工骨上都有良好生长贴附能力。4.X-ray显示两种粉体在大鼠股骨骨洞植入第2周时都开始出现了降解，第4周时更为明显，纳米珍珠层粉较之微米珍珠层粉降解更快，而空白对照组骨洞阴影仍可见，至8周时，则所有组骨洞均己闭合修复，X-ray下已不可见原钻孔痕迹，恢复正常骨质密度；硬组织磨片四环素荧光双标记结果显示纳米珍珠层粉植入组较其余两组在骨缺损区周围新骨生长速度更快，空白组速度最慢P＜0.05电镜观察及常规脱钙切片亦可见到纳米粉体降解较快；由以上两种原材料制得的纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨与微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨在大鼠体内均与周围组织结合良好，无明显炎症反应。5.X-ray显示纳米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区后其骨愈合速度较对照组微米珍珠层/消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨植入的快，至植入术后24周，实验组骨缺损区接近正常骨密度，对照组骨缺损区密度较低，空白组则呈现骨不连状态；骨密度测量结果显示术后8周、16周、24周实验组的骨密度值高于对照组(P＜0.05，24周实验组的骨密度值与术前所测得的正常值无显著性差异P＞0.05动物取材大体所见均显示组织相容性良好，骨组织逐渐由植入材料两端向中央生长；常规切片HE染色及硬组织磨片Stevenel\'s blue/Van Geison\'s picro-fuchsin联合染色均可见实验组骨缺损区长势优于对照组，至术后24周，实验组骨髓腔与材料已呈相交通状；硬组织磨片荧光显微镜下观察，两组材料在术后8周处于骨生长最快速时期，16周时速度开始减慢，术后4、8、16周时实验组的新骨生长速度均较对照组的快

The immunohistochemical location of noncollagenous protein, bone sialoprotein , osteopontin and osteocalcin at different stages following periradicular surgery was undertaken. The crystals formation on surfaces of MTA was evaluated when treated in different conditions without cells in vitro and in vivo. MTA was used to manage clinical problems, including perforations in roots or furcations, and pulpless permanent teeth with incomplete root formation. The study included the following three parts

本研究试图通过体内外研究探讨MTA表面牙骨质形成的机理，动物体内动态观察根尖周组织在用MTA倒充填后的组织反应和细胞外基质非胶原蛋白的表达，体外观察MTA在不同的环境下表面的形态及成分变化，和在体内环境下材料表面磷灰石层的形成，同时结合临床病例观察其临床治疗效果。

But in early resorptive phase in GSB group. The change of BMD, BGP, D-Pyr/Cr and biomechanics index in OVX-PII group were the same as that in OVX-PI group, but the rising range of compressive strength limit in lumbar spine and bend load of femur is bigger than that of JGG, and GSB group. Dynamics osteoblast appeared in large numbers on the surface of os, we can observe the transforming process from osteoblast to osteocyte.

同期预防Ⅱ组的BMD、BGP、尿D-Pyr/Cr及生物力学指标的变化大体维持在预防用药12周时水平，但从数字上看腰椎椎体的压缩强度极限和股骨的弯曲破坏荷载两项的上升幅度均大于健骨颗粒组和骨松宝组，预防II组骨质表面出现成群活跃的成骨细胞，可见成骨细胞往骨细胞转化过程。

BMD measurement of femoral neck without external reference phantom based on QCT data is an effective and feasible method, both MVM and LVM selected as internal reference is more convenient and has no difference comparing with erector spinae as internal reference.

基于QCT数据应用CAD无体模软件具有与有体模方法和DXA方法相同的测量BMD的能力，其中采用便捷的股内侧肌、股外侧肌作为内部参考具有与竖脊肌相近的结果，能够为医生提供BMD的参考信息，可用于骨质疏松的诊断、健康普查。

Patients in later series had neither risk factors for osteonecrosis nor osteonecrosis at other extraskeletal sites; instead osteoporosis and significant cardiovascular morbidity/atherosclerosis was found in most of the patients.6,19,21 Other findings suggesting an ischemic etiology in these patients is absent enhancement on MRI of the affected vertebrae,7,15,20 "ischemic bone" noted intraoperatively,14 and vertebral body biopsies demonstrating reactive bone/fibrosis and occasionally osteonecrosis and hyalinized marrow.

以后病例系列中的患者既没有引起骨坏死的因素，在其它地方也没有出现骨坏死，而是骨质疏松症和显著的心血管疾病/动脉粥样硬化发病率[6，19，21]，其他的发现表明，在这些患者受影响的椎体上MRI不会出现增强影[7，15，20]，术中可看到&缺血性的骨块&[14]，椎体活检可看到有活性的骨/纤维化，有时可见骨坏死和玻璃样变[8，11，14，16，17，30，31]。

It is one of the key pathogeneses of postmenapausal osteoporosis that estrogen deficiency leads to the decrease of OPG、TGFβ expression and the increasing expression of some bone-resorbing cytokines as OPGL、M-CSF and TRAIL, then stimulates osteoclast differentiation and activity, which potentiates bone resorption and bone loss:(2) ICI182780 shows partial transactivating function in osteoblasts, so it should belong to a kind of selective estrogen receptor modulators .

雌激素缺乏可能导致HOB中OPG、TGFβ的表达减少，而解除了对OPGL、M-CSF和TRAIL等刺激OC生成和活化的细胞因子的抑制作用，OC的数量和活性增加，导致骨吸收增强和骨量丢失，这是导致绝经后骨质疏松症的一个重要的发病机制；ICI182780在成骨细胞内表现出促转录活性，因此它并非纯ER拮抗剂，而应属于选择性雌激素受体调节剂(selective estrogen receptor modulator，SERM)。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。