骨突

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the treatment of old scaphoid fracture by bone flap pedicled with the recurrent branch of radial artery to styloid process and screw internal fixation.

目的：前瞻性分析应用桡动脉返支茎突骨瓣移植＋普通加版螺钉固定治疗难愈性陈旧性手舟骨骨折的方法及效果。

The bifrontal and occipital frangments were reshaped after placement of radial osteotomies to correct the frotal and occipital prominence. shortening of the anteroposterior length of the skull was accomplished by resecting a portion of the frontal and parietal bones at the midline.

对额骨和枕骨进行放射状切开、塑形纠正前后部隆突畸形；切除部分额、顶骨块缩短头颅前后径；在颞、顶骨下部采用&木桶板&样截骨以及放射状切开、塑形两侧顶骨纠正头颅狭窄畸形。

There are no changes in development directions of maxilla,mandible and SN before and after orthodontic treatment for bimaxillary protrusion抯 adolescents with four premolars extracted,but there are different in development rate,the development of mandible is the fastest, maxilla is slower, SN is the slowest.

可以认为青少年双颌前突患者拔牙矫治前后上颌骨、下颌骨及前颅底的生长方向在治疗前后无变化，但三者的生长速度不同，下颌骨生长最快，上颌骨较慢，前颅底的生长速度最慢。

There are no changes in development directions of maxilla,mandible and SN before and after orthodontic treatment for bimaxillary protrusion抯 adolescents with four premo－lars extracted,but there are different in development rate,the development of mandible is the fastest, maxilla is slower, SN is the slowest.

可以认为青少年双颌前突患者拔牙矫治前后上颌骨、下颌骨及前颅底的生长方向在治疗前后无变化，但三者的生长速度不同，下颌骨生长最快，上颌骨较慢，前颅底的生长速度最慢。

The screw entry point was located at the tip of transverse process. The average inclination angle should be 10°-20° headward and 30°-40° toward neutral line respectively. The screw was inserted and entered into the vertebral body along the external cortex of pedicle. The integrity of cortical bone around screws, the distance to segmental blood vessels and the penetration of cortex were observed after operation to evaluate the accuracy and safety of screw placement. Among 160 thoracic pedicle screws that were implanted in 34 cases, 148 screws (92.5%) were accurately inserted inside the costotransverse unit, and 12 screws (7.5%) were misplaced according to the image of X-ray and CT thin-slice scan.

应用椎弓根外内固定技术2004/2007年在中山大学附属第三医院骨科治疗34例患者，固定前采用CT加密扫描测量进钉点、进钉点至椎体前缘的深度、进钉角度和直径，固定中椎弓根钉入点为横突尖，进钉方向为平均向头侧倾斜10°~ 20°、与中线成角30°~40°，顺椎弓根外侧皮质进入椎体，固定后CT加密扫描观察螺钉周围的皮质骨是否完整、是否靠近节段血管、是否穿透皮质骨，评价置入钉的准确性和安全性。34例患者共置入160枚胸椎椎弓根螺钉，固定后CT加密扫描和X射线片观察到148枚(92.5%)螺钉置入准确，12枚(7.5%)螺钉发生错置。

From 2004 to 2007, 34 cases were treated with extrapedicular screw fixation in Department of Orthopaedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The screw entry point, angle, depth and diameter were measured and defined on the thoracic vertebrae pedicle by CT thin-slice scan in standard prone for all cases before operation. The screw entry point was located at the tip of transverse process. The average inclination angle should be 10°-20° headward and 30°-40° toward neutral line respectively. The screw was inserted and entered into the vertebral body along the external cortex of pedicle. The integrity of cortical bone around screws, the distance to segmental blood vessels and the penetration of cortex were observed after operation to evaluate the accuracy and safety of screw placement.

应用椎弓根外内固定技术2004/2007年在中山大学附属第三医院骨科治疗34例患者，固定前采用CT加密扫描测量进钉点、进钉点至椎体前缘的深度、进钉角度和直径，固定中椎弓根钉入点为横突尖，进钉方向为平均向头侧倾斜10°~20°、与中线成角30°~40°，顺椎弓根外侧皮质进入椎体，固定后CT加密扫描观察螺钉周围的皮质骨是否完整、是否靠近节段血管、是否穿透皮质骨，评价置入钉的准确性和安全性。34例患者共置入160枚胸椎椎弓根螺钉，固定后CT加密扫描和X射线片观察到148枚(92.5%)螺钉置入准确，12枚(7.5%)螺钉发生错置。

Variations of intertransverse process fusion included unilateral or bilateral bridging bone with or without medial fusion to the pars interarticularis.

对横突间植骨融合而言，主要包括对单侧或双侧植骨骨质的测试，可以同时伴有或不伴有峡部近内侧融合。

METHODS: A total of 200 volunteers who need to receive spinal fusion in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College were selected, including 102 cases received anterior cervical subcorpectomy combined with iliac bone implantation fusion following decompression, and 98 cases received posterior laminectomy for decompression combined with intertransverse process fusion. Meantime, 223 normal adults were served as the control group.

随机选择青岛大学医学院附属医院住院患者中需行脊柱融合的自愿受试者200例，其中行颈椎前路椎体次全切除减压自体髂骨植骨融合钛板内固定者102例，腰椎后路椎板切除减压横突间植骨融合内固定者98例，以223名健康正常人作对照。

X-ray examination demonstrated that at 4 weeks after implantation, some or even lateral intertransverse bridging regions were unclear, and material density in the repairing group was lower than control group; at 8 weeks after implantation, interspace between up and down bridging was shrunk, and a great quantity of calluses were successively formed; at 12 weeks after implantation, complete confluence was observed, and the density in the repairing group was closed to that in the control group.

结果：采用脱蛋白处理后的松质骨可见大小不等、相互交通、开放孔隙的网架结构，孔径200~500 μm，孔隙率60%左右，其无机成分为羟基磷灰石，有机成分为胶原，力学性能保存良好，细胞相容性良好。X射线片结果显示：植入第4周，横突桥接处部分区域模糊，以内侧明显，此时修复组材料密度略低于对照组；第8周上下桥接部间隙变小，大量连续骨痂生成；12周后完全融合，两组材料密度接近。

Objective:To compare the outcome of posterolateral fusion and interbodyfusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis.

目的：比较横突间植骨融合内固定与椎间植骨融合内固定治疗腰椎滑脱症的效果。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了