骨突

For ALIF, this ranged from 0.8 (complete, 100% fusion) to 3.3 (solid fusion of the posterior 25% disc space). For PLIF, the numbers were more aried, ranging from 0.7 (complete, 100% fusion) to 6.9 (solid fusion of posterior 25% disc space with bilateral facetectomy). For intertranserse process fusion, the least motion was with a solid bilateral fusion, with medial healing to the pars (2.0); the greatest motion was found with a solid unilateral fusion without medial healing (6.0). Interspinous process fusion allowed only 1.9 of motion.

前路椎间融合，范围是0.8度（完全、100%融合）到3.3度（后方椎间隙25%的稳定融合）；后路椎间融合范围较大，是0.7度（完全、100%融合）到6.9度（伴有双侧峡部近内侧融合的后方椎间隙25%的稳定融合）；横突间植骨融合，最小值2.0度是双侧偏内侧稳定融合，最大值6.0度是单侧且不偏向内侧融合；椎板棘突间植骨融合只出现1.9度的活动度。

For ALIF, this ranged from 0.8 (complete, 100% fusion) to 3.3 (solid fusion of the posterior 25% disc space). For PLIF, the numbers were more varied, ranging from 0.7 (complete, 100% fusion) to 6.9 (solid fusion of posterior 25% disc space with bilateral facetectomy). For intertransverse process fusion, the least motion was with a solid bilateral fusion, with medial healing to the pars (2.0); the greatest motion was found with a solid unilateral fusion without medial healing (6.0). Interspinous process fusion allowed only 1.9 of motion.

前路椎间融合，范围是0.8度（完全、100%融合）到3.3度（后方椎间隙25%的稳定融合）；后路椎间融合范围较大，是0.7度（完全、100%融合）到6.9度（伴有双侧峡部近内侧融合的后方椎间隙25%的稳定融合）；横突间植骨融合，最小值2.0度是双侧偏内侧稳定融合，最大值6.0度是单侧且不偏向内侧融合；椎板棘突间植骨融合只出现1.9度的活动度。

The diagnostic features for the species include deep excavation on the posteroventral margin of the premaxilla, a diastema between the premaxillary and maxillary teeth, a a number of many pits and ridges on the anterolateral surface of the antorbital fossa, the posterolateral process of the parietal being long and sharply posteriorly directed, the column ar -like margin of the pterygoid process of the quadrate, the bifurcated posterior margin of the dentary, a distinctive groove posterior to the anterior carina on the medial surface of the premaxillary tooth crowns, absence of ventrolateral processes on intercentrum of t he atlas, T-shaped centrum of the first caudal in ventral view, transverse process on anterior caudals with rounded , and strongly anteroposteriorly expanded distal end, presence of two fossae separated by an oblique ridge on the lateral side of the anterior chevrons near the articular end, and pubis strongly curved psoteriorly.

这一属种的主要鉴定特征包括：前上颌骨后腹缘有一深凹、前上颌齿和上颌齿之间有一齿缺、眶前窝外表面前部有许多坑窝和脊、顶骨侧后突伸向后方、方骨的翼骨支边缘柱状、靠近前上颌齿齿冠舌面前缘有槽、环椎间椎体外腹突缺失、第一尾椎椎体腹视 T 形、前部尾椎横突远端前后向强烈扩展呈圆形、前部脉弧近端外侧面有两个被一斜脊分离的窝以及耻骨强烈向后弯曲。通过分析千禧中国鸟龙的96个骨骼学特征，发现其中21个特征支持奔龙类与鸟类的亲缘关系最近，9个特征支持奔龙类与伤齿龙类亲缘关系最近，25个特征支持奔龙类、伤齿龙类和鸟类亲缘关系较为接近。

They share many similar or the same featutes with Archaeopteryx or other primitive birds, such as: U-shaped furcula, uncinate process, laterally facing glenoid of shoulder girdle, comparatively long forelimb, large semilunate carple, retroverted pubis, ascending process of astragalus, and "modern feathers"with rachis and barbs etc.

奔龙类是一类较为特殊的手盗龙类，它具有许多与始祖鸟Archaeopteryx甚至其它早期鸟类相似或接近的特征，主要表现在：叉骨U形与始祖鸟和孔子鸟类的相同，背肋钩状突在孔子鸟类和个别反鸟类中也存在，肩臼窝绝大部分指向侧方类似于始祖鸟，肩胛骨与乌喙骨间的夹角非常接近90°也和始祖鸟的相似，前肢从比例上讲显得较长，大的半月形腕骨使肘部能向侧方折过来，耻骨伸向后下方，距骨上升突与原始鸟类中的为同源结构，羽毛已有显著的分化且具备了现代羽毛的基本结构等等。

The characteristics of skull bones are; underdevelopment of paramostoid process of the occipital bone; unjointing of zygomatic process from its arch with no supraorbital foramen; formation of semiglobal structure by petrous temporal bone;no naso -maxillary notch between nasal bone and nasal process of premaxilla; unobvious facial surface of lacrimal bones;well-developed nasal process of premaxilla; no facial crest of maxillae's exterior;...

头骨的主要特征是：枕骨的颈交不发达，眶上突不与颧弓相连，无眶上孔；颞骨岩部形成半球形鼓泡，鼻骨与颌前骨的鼻突之间不形成鼻颌切迹；泪骨几乎无颜面部；颌前骨的鼻突发达；上颌骨外面无面嵴；腭骨发达；犁骨腹缘后部不与鼻腔底壁接触；下颌骨支下缘无血管切迹、垂直部后下方有一角突。

METHODS: Sixteen patients of maxillary prognathism with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion underwent joint orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery were included.

对16例骨性Ⅱ类上颌前突患者（上颌骨前突伴下颌骨后缩14例，其中同时伴颏后缩6例；单纯上颌骨前突2例）进行外科－正畸联合治疗。

Results: 1 Intense ERα immunoreactivity localized in the hypertrophic and maturative layer, and some immunoreactivity was found in osteoblasts of mandible and temporal bone, while no immunoreactivity was found in the disc and synovium. 2 The expression of ERα in male rats TMJ cartilage was higher than that in female ones. 3 In the condyle cartilage of male rats, the density of ERα positive cells decreased with age, which kept stable after 16 weeks of age. 4 In the condyle cartilage of male rats, the density of ERα positive cells was stable from birth to 8 weeks, but decreased from 16 weeks to 12 months, while the density in 18-month group recovered to the level of 8 weeks. Conclusion: TMJ is one of target organs of estrogen, and ERα plays an important role in the effect of estrogen on TMJ.

结果：1TMJ中ERα主要在髁突软骨的肥大层和过渡层表达，下颌骨和颞骨的骨细胞也有少量表达，而关节盘、滑膜中几乎无表达；2雄性SD大鼠髁突软骨中ERα的表达明显强于同龄的雌性大鼠；3在雄性大鼠TMJ髁突软骨中阳性细胞密度随年龄增长逐渐降低，16周以后逐渐维持在相对稳定的水平；4雌性大鼠从出生后到8周龄阳性细胞密度基本稳定，在16周龄至12月龄年龄组阳性细胞密度显著降低，而在18月龄后又恢复到8周龄以前的水平。

Or'.''''.'reddish'.'' flowers, and long-stalked follicles.

或'。''淡红色的花和长茎上的骨突

The optimal entrance point mostly locate at the root of accessoryprocess which adjacent to the mamillary process from L1 to L4, Theadjustable range of entrance points of the 4 segments almost cover theaccessory process, But at L5, The optimal entrance point is much moreoutside away from the accessory process, just at the middle of thetransverse process and the adjustable range of entrance points islimited.

这与钉尾间距的明显变化相一致，手术时应注意调整螺钉钉尖内偏角度观察椎弓根螺钉进钉点发现内外侧螺钉进钉点与内上、外上螺钉进钉点构成接近矩形的梯形区域，最佳进钉点居于内外进钉点中部。L1到L4最佳进钉点位于副突根部靠近乳突处，随着椎体节段下降，进钉点逐渐移向外侧，L1最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴内侧缘，L2、L3最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴上，L4最佳进钉点基本在副突根部骨嵴外侧缘。L1到L4可选进钉点范围几乎均包含副突骨嵴。L5最佳进钉点则明显偏外，多数位于副突根部与横突外端连线的中内1／3。

The results showed that the muscle weight of botulinum toxin injection side decreased. The craniofacial morphology of the botulinum toxin injection side were smaller in distances of zygomatic arch to mandibular lower border and ramus height than that of the normal saline injection side.

结果发现实验组大白鼠施打肉毒杆菌神经毒素侧其咬肌重量较施打生理食盐水侧及对照组小，其颅颜骨型态在颧骨弓至下颚骨缘距离，冠状突切迹最前端至下颚骨角状突最下点距离，均小於生理食盐水侧距离，有统计上之差异。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了