骨痂形成

The rigid fixation is statically preloaded and as the bone is loaded, there is not motion of fragments. The flexible Fixation systems can not be statically preloaded. As the-bone is loaded, both compression and distraction occur at the fracture site. Because micromotion at the fracture ends occurs within the limits that the callus will allow.

刚性固定在动载荷下断端没有活动而有静态预载荷；非刚性固定没有预静载荷，在动载荷下断端压缩和分离交替出现，由于动载荷下断端存在相对活动，所以骨折在外骨痂不断形成过程中达到愈合。

Methods Mouse models of tibia fracture healing were established, and callus samples were collected 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after fracture. The development of callus and new bone formation were evaluated with roentgenology, Micro-CT and tetracycline double labeling method, and the expression of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, Runx2 and ALP in callus were detected with RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between HIF-1α and fracture healing was analysed.

建立小鼠胫骨骨折模型，骨折后1、3、7、14、21、28 d取材，应用X线摄片、Micro-CT和四环素荧光双标记技术，观测骨痂组织的演变和新骨形成状况；采用RT-PCR、Western blotting和免疫组织化学方法，检测骨痂组织细胞HIF-1α、血管内皮生长因子和成骨性标志物（Runx2和ALP）的表达状况，分析HIF-1α与骨折愈合进程的关系。

Influence of shock waves on fracture healing.

高能震波对骨痂中骨形成蛋白表达的影响。

Mallory trichrism staining exhibited light blue samples. Eight weeks following repair, CT showed round blunt defect edges in the coronal position, which had bony pustute connection with gel materials. Density at the defect region significantly increased. 3D reconstruction suggested that defects became small. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, abundant fibrous connective tissue appeared in defect regions, with bony tissues. Mallory trichrism staining revealed that maroon mature bone tissues were found, surrounded by light blue chondroid tissues. Twelve weeks following repair, coronal defect regions were filled with callus. 3D reconstruction showed that defects were repaired. Defect region and surrounding bony tissues had bony connection, with thick bone trabecula and mature Haversian system.

修复后8周，冠状位CT显示缺损边缘圆钝，与凝胶材料有骨性突起连接，缺损处密度增高明显，三维重建显示缺损范围较之前有所减小；标本苏木精－伊红染色后缺损部可见大量含血管成分的纤维结缔组织，有骨样组织结构形成，Mallory三色染色显示有褐红色成熟骨组织形成，其旁边有淡蓝色软骨样组织修复后12周，冠状位CT显示缺损区基本被骨痂填满，三维重建示缺损基本修复；缺损区域和周围骨组织形成骨性结合，骨小梁粗大，哈弗氏系统成熟。

The nonunion was judged to be healed when bridging callus formation on both radiographic views was observed on at least 3 of 4 cortices.

骨不连的愈合为观察者均看到桥接骨痂骨在X线片中有至少在3至4个皮质形成。

Twelve weeks following repair, coronal defect regions were filled with callus. 3D reconstruction showed that defects were repaired. Defect region and surrounding bony tissues had bony connection, with thick bone trabecula and mature Haversian system.

修复后12周，冠状位CT显示缺损区基本被骨痂填满，三维重建示缺损基本修复；缺损区域和周围骨组织形成骨性结合，骨小梁粗大，哈弗氏系统成熟。

In vivo experimental results revealed that PAP 10 and 20 mg.kg-1 could promote healing of radius fracture,accelerate osteotylus formation and increase contents of calcium and oxyproline.

整体鹿茸多肽能明显加速骨痂的形成及骨折的愈合，明显增加骨痂内羟脯氨酸和钙含量。

SEM showed that after the absence of HA granules from the surface, fibroblast started ingrowing and fresh callus came into being. This indicated that HA/PDLIA composite material had certain bioactivity and bone connectivity.

通过SEM研究表明：HA颗粒从材料表面脱落后，成纤维细胞向组织内长入，并伴有少量新生骨痂的形成，显示HA/PDLLA复合材料具有一定的成骨性和骨连接性。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。