骨痂

At day 3, 6, 9, 14, 28, 42 and 56, five rabbits were selected from every group randomly and were killed by aeroembolism respectively. Their radius were taken out and the left one was taken as the research object. Immunohistochemistry stain and in situ hybridization stain were performed to examinate the VEGF and VEGF mRNA expression in the haematoma, fibrous callus and soft callus.

分别于术后3，6，9，14，28，42，56 d每组随机处死5只家兔，取左侧桡骨标本作为观察对象，通过免疫组化和原位杂交方法检查骨折端血肿、纤维骨痂和软骨骨痂中VEGF及VEGF mRNA表达。

At early stage after brain injury, there were a quantity of fibrous callus and cartilaginous callus formation in brain injury and fracture group and many neuropeptides immunoreactive nerve fibers in callus were found. Strong immunoreactivites of CGRP, SP, VIP, NPY, TOH occurred to osteogenitor cells and chondroblast, which proliferated in thickened endothecium.

脑损伤合并骨折组早期形成大量纤维骨痂和软骨骨痂，骨痂中神经肽免疫阳性神经纤维较多，明显增厚的骨膜内层骨祖细胞、幼稚的软骨细胞胞质内降钙素基因相关肽、P物质、血管活性肠肽、酪氨酸羟化酶、神经肽Y强阳性表达。

The Pyrolusite Power Preparation for Infusion group can promote the healing of the osteoporosis fracture effectively , its function mechanism is:1, Improve the density of bone of the osteoporosis big rats of fracture;2, Improve the content of bone scab calcium , phosphorus , collagen;3, Promote the bone scab to be ripe.

无名异冲剂能够有效促进骨质疏松性骨折的愈合，其作用机制为：1、提高骨质疏松性骨折大鼠骨密度。2、提高骨痂钙、磷、胶原含量。3、促进骨痂形成。

Methods Mouse models of tibia fracture healing were established, and callus samples were collected 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after fracture. The development of callus and new bone formation were evaluated with roentgenology, Micro-CT and tetracycline double labeling method, and the expression of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, Runx2 and ALP in callus were detected with RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The relationship between HIF-1α and fracture healing was analysed.

建立小鼠胫骨骨折模型，骨折后1、3、7、14、21、28 d取材，应用X线摄片、Micro-CT和四环素荧光双标记技术，观测骨痂组织的演变和新骨形成状况；采用RT-PCR、Western blotting和免疫组织化学方法，检测骨痂组织细胞HIF-1α、血管内皮生长因子和成骨性标志物（Runx2和ALP）的表达状况，分析HIF-1α与骨折愈合进程的关系。

Results (1) Primary callus came into being 3 days after operation. Mesenchymal cells from peripheral tissues around the primary callus were differentiated into chondrocytes 1 week later. Endochondral ossification was going on then. Bridging callus was formed in the fracture sites 4 weeks after operation.

结果 (1)伤后3 d开始形成原始骨痂。1周时肉芽组织中的间质细胞开始分化为软骨细胞，软骨形成后再进行软骨内化骨。4周时形成连接骨折端的桥接骨痂。

Results Microstructure of callus showed that the area of mature trabecular in callus of OPFM group was smaller than that of CFM group, and was thinner with a wide intertrabecular distance. The dynamic parameters demonstrated that the fluorescent labeling percentage on the trabecular surface of OPFM group was lower than that of CFM group, but bone mineral apposition rate was higher.

结果 ①骨痂组织骨组织形态计量学结果发现：OPFM组成熟小梁骨占骨痂面积比CFM组小，且小梁骨厚度变薄、小梁骨间距较宽；同时骨小梁动力学参数显示：OPFM组骨小梁表面荧光标记百分比较CFM组低，而骨矿化沉积率却较高。

Defects implanted with TGF-β/BMP in animals killed at 16 weeks showed histologically new lamellar and woven bone which was formed in continuity with the cut ends of the cortex. Medullar canal was recanalized and contained marrow elements with normal appearance.

术后第12～16周3组缺损区完全性修复，其密度近正常骨，可见皮质骨和骨髓腔结构。16周时TGF-β和TGF-β/BMP组骨缺损区周围外骨痂少，而BMP组中仍可见较多尚未完全吸收的外骨痂。

It indicates that even the fracture area of the skewed group is larger, the total quantity of the poroma is not much than that of horizontal-shaped group.

新生骨痂单位面积内骨小梁面积比较，见2、4、6、8周新生骨痂中骨小梁面积横形组比斜形组大，8周时有显著性差异。

RESULTS:① Gross observation: At 2 weeks, there were no differences between the two groups, and the materials were connected to bone bed with fibrous tissues. At 4 and 8 weeks, there was more new callus in biologic active bone group than in biologic bone group. At 12 weeks, some bionic biphasic ceramic-like biologic active bone were absorbed and new bone regenerated in biologic active bone group, being similar to appearance of host bone, but there were few callus in biologic bone group.

结果：①大体观察：生物活性骨组和生物骨组术后2周时无明显差别，材料与骨床间为纤维组织连接。4周及8周可见生物活性骨组断端周围新生骨痂较多，将材料包绕，12周时可见材料部分吸收，新生骨长入，修复段塑型较好，基本接近宿主骨外形。12周时，生物骨组仅在骨折端有少量骨痂连接。

Alginates/Therapeutic use;Colloids;Bone Callus/Anatomy and Histology;Bone Callus/Ultrastructure;Disease Models,Animal;Bone and Bones

藻酸盐/治疗应用；胶剂；骨痂/解剖学与组织学；骨痂/超微结构；疾病模型，动物；骨与骨组织

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。