骨炎

Methods］The fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (IM4～5),modified fourth-fifth intermetatarsal angle (MIM4～5),metatarsophalangeal-fifth angle,lateral deviation of the fifth metatarsal angle,width of fifth metatarsal head,distance of prominence of the fifth metatarsal head were measured by X-ray for 131 feet of normal persons and 117 feet of tailor's bunion.

方法］对131例正常足与117例小趾囊炎足的第4～5跖骨间角(IM4～5)，改良4～5跖骨间角(MIM4～5)，小趾内翻角，第5跖骨外翻角，第5跖骨头宽度及突出距离进行X线测量，结合临床对测量结果进行对比分析研究。

Cartilage damage can also occur as part of other rare conditions such as osteochondritis dissecans (where loss of blood supply causes a piece of bone and cartilage to separate from the bone) and relapsing polychondritis (which causes swelling of the cartilage in the ear).

软骨损伤，也可能会出现的一部分，其他罕见的条件，如剥脱性骨软骨炎（其中损失的血液供应的原因一块骨与软骨脱离骨）和复发性多软骨炎（造成肿胀，关节软骨在耳）。

The approach also is used for osteochondritis dissecans inoling the lateral part of the dome of the talus and for osteochondromatosis of the ankle.

该入路还适用于治疗累及距骨圆顶部的踝关节剥脱性骨软骨炎，以及踝关节骨软骨瘤病。

Fig. 1-34 Osteotomy of medial malleolus for osteochondritis dissecans of talus.

图1-34 用于距骨剥脱性骨软骨炎的内踝截骨术。

It is not a popular method because, despite utmost care, it is possible to injure the tibial essels and nere. Neertheless, it may be useful for fracture-dislocations of the talus, other traumatic lesions of the ankle joint, and osteochondritis dissecans of the talus.

采用此入路即使极为小心，仍有可能损伤胫后血管及神经，因此该切口并不常用，但可能用于距骨骨折脱位、踝关节的一些其他损伤及距骨的剥脱性骨软骨炎。

Clinical and anatomical studies have proved that, sesamoid is closely related with stenosing tenovaginitis of thumb, and sesamoid can induce or promote the formation of stenosing tenovaginitis.

经临床和解剖学研究证实，籽骨与狭窄性腱鞘炎的形成有密切的关系，籽骨一定程度上可以导致或促进狭窄性腱鞘炎的形成。关键词：腱鞘炎；籽骨；肌腱；组织构建

Walton missed Sunday's game because of sesamoiditis, an inflammation of the sesamoid bones that began in his right foot last Friday.

沃頓因為腳部籽骨發炎缺席了星期天的比賽，上週五他的右腳就出現了籽骨發炎的症狀。

TyPe II collagen induced arthritisln the rat ank1e joint andoVathumin as antigen induced arthritis WA in the rabbit knee joint wereestab1ish2 Qualitative evaluation of me in skin, muscle, synovium, cedilagearound joint and blood was performed by OMA3 The CIA rats were treated on day 7 after hind paw swelling and erythemaAnimals were injected intravenously with ase at a dose of 10mg/kg,tWenty minuots 1ater, one ankle of the rats random1y assigned was exPosedlaser irradiation at l00J/cm fOr l000 seconds, and another ankle wasM grouP wihout laser The other two groups is unmanipulatedcontrol group and untreated CIA group Bimaleolar ankle widthmeasuremellts were taken in all animals every tWo days using amicrometer The histopathology of the ank1e Joint was assessed at day 21after disease onset4 The pro1iferating cell nuclear antigen WCNA of CIA treated by PDT andthe HMME group without laser was doterdrined by immunohistochemiStry5 The AfA rabbits were treated on day 7 after knee swelling and erythemaThe theraPy invo1ved lntravenous injection of l0mg/kg HMME, fOl1owedby 20 minues period in dim light, and transdermal light treatment with\l00 J/cm2 fOr l000 seconds The inner sides of the treated Anees wereirradiated at first, and then the outer side did 24 hours later, the synovialtissue of the Anees joint were removed and in situ cel1 aPoptosis wasdetCCted With tednal deoxync1eotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labelingR6suIt8:l The pathologic changes of CIA and AIA include subsynovial inflammation,opovial hyPerplasia, pannus formation, cartilage and bone destructionresemble RA.2 The studies demonstrated that there are different uptake of HMME withinskin, muscle, synovium, cartilage and b1ood, and the synovium cou1draPidly uPtake more ase than skin and cartilage at the firSt 30 minuesaller intravenous injection of HMME3 The bimaleolar anke width had no different among PDT treated group,H group withollt 1aser and untreated CIA group But hlstologicalevaluation showed statiStical1y significallt reductions in synovialhyperplasia, pannus formation and cart1lage reosion, bone destruction andtotal score in PDT treated group4 Image analysis showed that the ratlo bforeen the areas of the coufltedobect to that of the entire area in PDTtreated grOup is lower than that in conirol group, but the integrated oPticaldensity had no different between the two groups5 Imape analysis showed that the ratio between the area of the countedobject to that of the e

治疗组在大鼠出现踝关节红肿后1周，炎症达到高峰时进行PDT治疗。随机治疗大鼠一侧的踝关节，另。2。一一侧作单纯HMME 对照。治疗方法是大鼠麻醉后尾静脉注入 HMME10ngkg，20分钟后踝关节照光，激光波长627.sum，功率密度 100mwcm'，照射时间1000秒，能量密度100）／。治疗后避光喂养72 小时。隔日一次测量大鼠的踝关节左右横径，治疗后两周取关节进行病理d 观察。 4。大鼠CIA模型用上述方法进行PDT治疗后，治疗组和单纯HMME 组用兔疫组化SP法检测石蜡切片的核增殖抗原。 5。兔AIA模型在关节炎出现第七天进行PDT治疗，随机治疗一侧膝关节，另一侧作自身对照。兔耳静脉注入I'arrainrelomg／Kg，20分钟后，膝关节用金蒸气激光照射，激光能量密度100）儿旷。24 ／J'时后取膝关节滑膜作病理检查，并用脱氧核昔酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法原位检测凋亡细胞。结果： 1。模型观察：CIA大鼠炎症高峰期滑膜下炎细胞浸润明显，滑膜细胞明显增殖，炎症达到高峰后二周，血管缀形成，并侵蚀和破坏软骨和骨， CIA模型病理改变与人类RA相似。兔AIA模型膝关节滑膜病理可见滑膜细胞增生，滑膜下炎细胞浸润，也与人类RA滑膜改变相似。 2。关节周围组织中光敏剂含量的测定结果表明，各组织对HMME 的吸收速度和吸收量不同，荧光值一时间曲线不同，滑膜组织比皮肤和软骨对 HMME的吸收多，在 2 0分钟时即有明显差异。 3.PDT对CIA模型的治疗结果表明：PDT治疗后关节炎组、单纯 HMME组和治疗组踝关节左右横径统计学检验差异没有显著性，但病理评分PDT治疗组滑膜增生、血管资形成及软骨破坏、骨破坏和总分比关节炎对照组和HMME对照组好，统计学检验差异有显著性。。3＿军医进修学院硕士学位论文中文摘要 4.PDT治疗组PCNA阳性细胞较对照组少，图像分析结果表明面密度（阳性染色的面积总和与统计视野面积的比值）治疗组小于对照组，统计学检验差异有显著性。。 5.PDT治疗组凋亡阳性细胞较对照组明显增多，图像分析结果单位视野内阳性细胞数和面密度PDT治疗组高于对照组，统计学检验差异有显著性。凋亡细胞核直径PDT治疗组较小，与对照组相比，统计学检验差异有显著性。结论：二。CIA、AIA的病理改变类似人类RA，可作为研究RA病因、发病机制、检查及治疗方法的模型。 2。各组织对HMME的吸收速度和吸收量不同，滑膜组织比皮。

Pathological changes of bone and periarticular abnormalities have been recorded to account for osteomalacia, osteoporosis, spontaneous fractures, adult rickets,steoarthritis,osteochondritis dissecans, chrondo calcinosis, subchondral cyst formation, and azure lunulae of the fingernails.

骨的病理改变和关节周围的异常可以用来解释骨软化症，骨质疏松症，自发性骨折，成人佝偻病，骨性关节炎，分离性骨软骨炎，钙质沉着症，软骨下囊形成，指甲的天蓝色弧形影。

The results indicated that the histopathological changes of periodontum occured earlier and more seriously in diabetic rat. This demonstrates the promote effect of diabetes on the occurence and progression of the experimental periodontitis.

而糖尿病大鼠在同样的实验条件下，3周便出现类似的损害，9周时，出现深层组织的炎细胞浸润、牙槽骨吸收和深牙周袋形成，表明糖尿病具有缩短引起实验性牙周炎的时间和加重牙周组织破坏的作用，认为在建立大鼠实验性牙周炎模型的过程中引入糖尿病这一因素是一值得推荐的措施。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。