骨样的

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite has favorable biocompatibility, can protect pulp tissue and promote the formation of osteoid dentin and the concrescence of pulp tissue.

背景：羟基磷灰石具有良好的生物相容性，可保护牙髓组织，促进骨样牙本质的形成和牙髓组织的愈合，但无抗感染能力。

EMA was the most effective antibody for differentiating chordoid meningioma from skeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, low-grade chondrosarcoma, and enchondroma, whereas D2-40 was the most effective antibody for differentiating chordoid meningioma from extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and chordoma.

EMA是鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤、内生性软骨瘤最有效的抗体，而D2-40则是鉴别脊索样脑膜瘤和骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤、脊索瘤最有效的抗体。

The malignant tumors included osteogenic osteosarcoma,metastasis tumor(six patients,two with pathologic fractures),chondrosarcoma,malignant fibrous histiocytoma (three patients,one with pathologic fracture),fibrosarcoma,and solitary myeloma.all patients received limb savage procedure with custom knee prosthesis including sevnteen cases of hinge joint and twentyone cases of posterior stability joints.

回顾分析我院接受定制型人工关节置换进行保肢治疗的股骨远端肿瘤患者38 例，其中良性肿瘤9 例，分别是骨巨细胞瘤7例(复发性骨巨细胞瘤5 例，骨折2例)，骨巨细胞瘤合并动脉瘤样骨囊肿1 例，骨母细胞瘤1 例；恶性肿瘤29 例，分别是成骨性骨肉瘤16 例，转移性肿瘤6例(骨折2例)，软骨肉瘤2 例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤3例(骨折1例)，纤维肉瘤1 例，局灶性骨髓瘤1 例。

Results Metaphysis osteoporosis was observed on X-ray and CT in acute stage, the midsection of infarct of bone was isointensity on T1WI and iso/hyperintensity signal on T2WI, the edge of infarct of bone was ring-shaped hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity signal on T2WI. Small worm-eaten change and stippled calcification was observed on X-ray and CT in subacute stage, the infarct of bone was iso/hypointensity on T1WI and iso/hyperintensity signal on T2WI, the edge of infarct of bone was ring-shaped hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity signal on T2WI. Irregular and wriggle osteosclerosis was observed on X-ray and CT in chronic stage, was hypointensity on T1WI and T2WI.

结果 骨梗死急性期X线、CT表现为干骺端骨质疏松，MR T1WI骨梗死灶中央部分呈等至高信号，T2WI呈高信号，T1WI骨梗死灶边缘呈环形低信号，T2WI呈环形高信号；亚急性期X线、CT表现为小的虫噬样改变，伴有斑点状钙化，MR T1WI骨梗死灶呈等或低信号，T2WI呈等或稍高信号，T1WI骨梗死灶边缘呈环形低信号，T2WI呈环形高信号；慢性期X线、CT表现为不规则状、蜿蜒状骨质硬化，MR T1WI和T2WI均呈低信号。

After 12 weeks,the result showed the operation area of group A articular surface was smooth,with the surrounding normal cartilage naturally straight flush, transparent form new cartilage tissue;Group B restoration surgery the basic integrity of the cartilage tissue,but the center of many not fully integrated,there is slight depression,surface wear,good subchondral bone formation;control group, depression joint operation areas,non-articular cartilage formation,such as lack of bone joints.

术后12周取材，A组修复区可见部分软骨样组织，关节软骨无磨损，修复的软骨呈白色半透明外观，与周围正常关节软骨有连续性，可见一明显的凹陷，无明显软骨下骨外露；B组修复区也可见部分软骨样组织，关节软骨在修复区可见磨损，软骨呈白色不透明外观，软骨下骨形成较好；空白对照组术区关节凹陷，无关节软骨组织形成，关节下骨缺如。

Staining extent and intensity were evaluated semiquantitatively and mean values for each parameter were calculated. Immunostaining with D2-40 showed positivity in 100% of skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, 96% of enchondromas, 95% of low-grade chondrosarcomas, 80% of chordoid meningiomas, and 75% of chordoid gliomas. Staining with S100 demonstrated diffuse, strong positivity in all (100%) chordoid gliomas, skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, low-grade chondrosarcomas, and enchondromas, 94% of chordomas, and 81% of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, with focal, moderate staining in 40% of chordoid meningiomas.

我们半定量地评估了这些免疫染色的广度和强度，并且计算了它们各自的平均值。D2-40阳性表达于100%例骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、96%例内生性软骨瘤、95%例低级别软骨肉瘤、80%例脊索样脑膜瘤和75%例脊索样胶质瘤。S100染色弥漫且强烈地表达于所有的（100%）脊索样胶质瘤、骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、低级别软骨肉瘤和内生性软骨瘤，94%例脊索瘤，81%例骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤，还有，局灶性、中度表达于40%例黏液样脑膜瘤。

In this study, immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against D2-40, S100, pankeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, brachyury, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in 4 cases of chordoid glioma, 6 skeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas, 10 chordoid meningiomas, 16 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, 18 chordomas, 22 low-grade chondrosarcomas, and 27 enchondromas.

本研究中，我们给4例脊索样胶质瘤、6例骨的黏液样软骨肉瘤、10脊索样脑膜瘤、16例骨外黏液样软骨肉瘤、18例脊索瘤、22例低级别软骨肉瘤和27例内生性软骨瘤做了D2-40、S100、pankeratin、上皮膜抗原、brachyury和胶质纤维酸性蛋白的免疫组化染色。

Result:①out of 25 patients,17 exhibited myeloma-related bone lesions on radionuclide imaging,the positive rate was 68.0%,ribs and spine were involved most frequently,162 lesions showed high uptake of radionuclide,the lesions lied in ribs appeared as strings of pearls,and those in sternums and vertebrae showed linear high uptake,the other 4 showed decreased radionuclide uptake.②the positive rate on radiography was 68.0%(17/25),which was the same as that on radionuclide imaging,the patterns were osteoporosis,pathological fracture,osteolysis or two or two and above of these appearances, radiography detected more abnormalities than radionuclide imaging in identical sites(162 versus 144),but radionuclide imaging detected more lesions than radiography in ribs and sternums.

结果：①25例患者中，骨显像异常17例，阳性率68.0%，肋骨、脊柱最常受累，162处病灶表现为异常放射性聚集，其中，肋骨病灶呈串珠样，胸骨及椎体病变呈扁平状或线状，4处表现为异常放射性减低；②x线片阳性率68.0%（17/25例），与骨显像相同，主要表现为骨质疏松、病理性骨折、骨破坏或呈混合性改变，共同检测的部位中，x线片检出的病灶总数较骨显像多（162和144），但骨显像检出肋骨和胸骨病灶较x线片多。

7Bone shell or shell-liked calcification in the rim of soft-tissue masses: arc-liked high density lied in the rim of soft-tissue masses , concave surface face to the bone leisions.

CT检查显示软组织肿胀0度2例，I度19例，11度16例，111度17例。6例软组织内出现脓肿样囊腔。1例显示软组织内气体。1例显示脂液平面。1例显示窦道。5例显示软组织肿块。8例示软组织内难以定性的钙质样高密度影。54例CT检查均未见软组织肿块边缘残留骨壳或壳样钙化和软组织肿块内肿瘤骨或瘤软骨钙化。

Furthermore, the connection between two sesamoids and metacarpal was a kind of soft tissue connection which seemed like fabric, it could exist mini-motion between two sesamoids and metacarpal, resulting in the increasing friction between the tendon of flexor pollicis longus muscle and sesamoids. Meantime, it could lead to metacarpophalangeal joints dislocation and injury the tendon sheath of flexor pollicis longus muscle.

而且，籽骨和掌骨之间没有骨性连接，为纤维软骨样软组织连接，导致籽骨和掌骨之间可以微动，拇指屈伸时，籽骨和掌骨间的微动导致拇长屈肌腱与籽骨摩擦进一步加大，籽骨易脱位，产生籽骨嵌顿于掌指关节，造成拇长屈肌腱狭窄性腱鞘损伤。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐