骨折

Method］from may 2000 to november 2007,14 patients(10 females,4 males;mean age 34.6 years)with scapular fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through a posterior approach.eight patients were injurred in traffic accidents,3 due to falling,2 by direct violence and 1 due to cut.there were eleven patients with close fractures and 3 with open fractures.according to hardegger classification system,there were 8 cases of scapular body fracture,9 of scapular spine fracture,6 of scapular acromion,10 of scapular neck fracture,6 of glenoid rim fracture and 4 of glenoid fossa fracture.

车祸伤8例，高处坠落伤3例，直接暴力伤2例，刀砍伤1例。闭合性骨折11例，开放性骨折3例。根据hardegger的分型方法，体部骨折8处，肩胛冈骨折9处，肩峰骨折6处，肩胛颈骨折10处，盂缘骨折6处，盂窝骨折4处。其中混合型骨折10例，合并全身多发伤5例；伴有腋神经损伤1例，肩胛上神经损伤2例。通过后入路手术，对不同类型的肩胛骨骨折使用重建钢板或拉力螺钉和钢丝等固定。［结果］14例患者获得随访，随访时间6个月～3年，平均18个月。

objective to elucidate the choice of three defferent ways as well as the clinical efficacy in the treatment of pilon fracture and different damages of skin and tissue.methods 29 cases were treated with calcaneum bone traction and small splinting,23 cases were treated with internal fixation,11 cases were treated with external fixation of ilizarov.results all cases were followed up for 8～31 months (15.3 months average).according to helfet criterion,the results were evaluated as the total excellent and good outcome accounted for 90.5％.conclusion the key point of treatment is rational selection of three defferent ways in the treatment of pilon fracture according to the typle of pilon fracture and different damages of skin and tissue.

目的 探讨pilon骨折的三种不同治疗方法临床适应证及其疗效评价。方法对2000年2月至2006年3月间治疗的63 例pilon骨折患者进行回顾性分析。其中开放性损伤15 例，闭合性损伤48 例。根据骨折类型与周围软组织损伤程度，分别采用三种不同治疗方法：跟骨牵引加小夹板固定组(29 例)均为闭合性骨折，内固定组(23 例)，外固定器组(11 例)。结果所有患者均获得随访，随访8～31个月(平均15.3个月)，骨愈合时间8～14周，平均10周。按helfet疗效评价标准，本组优良者57 例(90.5％)，其中ⅰ型骨折优良者26 例，ⅱ型骨折优良者15 例，ⅲ型骨折优良者16 例。

Typically, capitellar fractures are divided into 3groups3,21: type 1, the Hahn-Steinthal fracture, is characterized by a single, large capitellar fragment; type 2, the Kocher-Lorenz or Mouchet fracture, involves the articular cartilage and a thin layer of subchondral bone; type 3 was originally described by Broberg and Morrey and characterizes a comminuted or compression fracture of the capitellum.

肱骨小头骨折可典型地分为3种：1，Hahn-Steinthal骨折，特点为单个、大块小头骨折片；2，Kocher-Lorenz 或 Mouchet骨折，涉及到软骨和软骨下骨骨折；3，此类骨折最初为Broberg和Morrey所描述，特点为肱骨小头粉碎性或压缩性骨折。

Modify the model by FreeForm software and dissecte the model of haunch bone; import the 3D visible model of haunch bone into Ansys8.0 software. Add mechanics parameter to the haunch bone model, construct 3D finite element model of acetabulum. 2、On the base of common fracture line of acetabular posterior wall fracture in clinical cases, split the acetabular 3D finite element model according to 1/3, 2/3, 3/3 areas fractures of posterior wall after simplify setting, obtain four types of acetabular posterior wall fracture model(including normal condition of acetabulum).

按髋臼骨折Letournel分类标准并根据临床髋臼后壁骨折病例常见骨折线位置，进行简化设定，依次按后壁1／3，2／3，3／3面积骨折将髋臼三维有限元模型后壁进行拆分，获得三种髋臼后壁骨折状态的有限元模型；再模拟双足直立位对髋骨约束设定，分别对后壁正常及不同面积骨折状态模型进行加载，获取各模型应力分布图并记录臼顶负重区、髋臼前壁和剩余后壁在不同后壁骨折状态下应力分布大小及改变。

There were 47 cases of odontoid process fracture (38 cases with fresh fractures, 9 cases with timeworn fractures),45 cases of Hangman fracture （28 cases with fresh fractures, 17 cases with timeworn fractures）, 24 cases of torn transverse ligament of atlas, 23 cases of congenital deformity, 19 cases of unilateral fracture of vertebral arch of atlas, 17 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, 9 cases of unilateral fracture of articular process, 3 cases of Jefferson fracture with chronic instability, 4 cases of spinal tumor.

临床诊断；齿突骨折47例，其中新鲜骨折38例，陈旧性骨折9例，Hangman骨折45例，其中新鲜骨折28例，陈旧性骨折17例，寰椎横韧带断裂24例，先天畸形23例，寰椎单侧椎弓骨折19例，类风湿性关节炎17例，一侧关节凸骨折9例， Jefferson骨折并慢性不稳3例，肿瘤4例。

Investigation for morbidity of osteoportic fracture (1) Osteoporotic hip fracture was the most osteoporotic fracture type in hospital.The female patients is more than male.(2) There were lots of osteoporotic fracture cases from 65 to 79 years old people. Quantity of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture was still highly.(3) There were no famous seasonal different of morbidity among all kinds of osteoporotic fracture patients. But there were famous differences in osteoporotic hip fracture. Especially, there were many osteoporotic hip fracture cases in northern area in spring, but in winter in souther area in China.

骨质疏松性骨折发病率初步调查(1)骨质疏松性髋部骨折是骨质疏松性骨折住院治疗最多的骨质疏松性骨折类型，老年女性发病比男性多；(2)骨质疏松性骨折高发年龄在65～79岁之间，骨质疏松性脊柱骨折发病率仍然很高，应引起重视；(3)骨质疏松性椎体骨折发病无明显季节性；但骨质疏松性髋部骨折的发病在不同地区与季节有一定关系，北方春季和冬季高发，南方冬季和夏季高发。

objective the purpose of this study was to summarize our experience of the application of internal rigid fixation with miniplate to treatment of mandibular fractures.methods a retrospective analyisis of clinical data of 67 cases,who had experienced the anatomic reduction and rigid fixation by using miniplate.with the help of maxillomandibular distraction pre operation and post operation and temporary maxillomandibular fixation during operation,the fracture bones were smoothly reduced and fixed.results clinical and radiographic examination showed that all cases gained good clinical results and precise anatomic alignment of fracture postoperatively without infection,malocclusion,bone malunion or other complications.conclusion mocortical miniplate fixation of the mandible is a reliable and effective techinique providing rigid fixation and an ideal modality for the treatment of mandibular fractures.combined with maxillomandibular fixation.

对67例下颌骨骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾总结，所有患者应用小型接骨板行坚固内固定治疗。其中7例颏部骨折，12例颏旁骨折，16例颏孔区骨折，9例体部多发性骨折，5例体部粉碎性骨折；18例合并其他部位骨折。所有患者术前经临床检查和影像学检查明确骨折的位置和骨折线的数目后，分段牙弓夹板结扎、颌间弹性牵引，使移位的骨折段逐渐复位；术中经口内切开复位、细钢丝颌间结扎、小型接骨板坚固内固定；术后行临床检查和影像学复查，必要时颌间弹性牵引7～10 d。结果所有患者手术切口ⅰ期愈合，治疗效果满意；临床检查所有患者牙合关系良好、面部对称；影像学复查证实骨折线对位良好。结论经口内切开小型接骨板坚固内固定辅以颌间固定治疗下颌骨骨折效果可靠，术后并发症少，是一种理想的手术方法。

Objective to evaluate the clinical value of dr energy subtraction in chest acute trauma.methods collected sample data based on 122 clinic cases of diagnosed rib fracture patients in chest acute trauma,75 male,47 female,age between 12~65 years old,with an average 36 years old,using dr energy subtraction technique to exam and 45 cases were examined by ct in chest.results in all the cases,the diagnostic rate of single rib fracture,multiple rib fracture,rib fracture with hydropneumothorax,rib fracture with pulmonary contusion was 86.7%,91.3%,90.5% and 94.1%,97.1% in multiple rib fracture of energy subtraction image.conclusion dr energy subtraction technique which can show rib fracture and lung complication clearly has important diagnostic value for the patients with chest acute trauma.

收集122例临床诊断肋骨骨折的胸部急性创伤患者，男75例，女47例，年龄12~65岁，平均36岁，进行dr能量减影胸部摄影检查；其中有45例患者同时作ct检查。结果在本组病例中，标准胸片发现肋骨单发骨折、肋骨多发骨折、骨折合并液气胸、骨折合并肺挫伤的检出率分别为86.7%、91.3%、90.5%和94.1%；而能量减影仅在肋骨多发骨折中检出率为97.1%，其余检出率均为100%。结论 dr能量减影技术可清晰显示肋骨骨折和肺部并发损伤，对胸部急性创伤有重要诊断价值。

Methods: Data from the Fracture Prevention Trial and the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation trial were analyzed to determine the incidences of new adjacent and new nonadjacent vertebral fractures in the placebo groups and the effect of treatment with raloxifene and teriparatide on the incidence of new adjacent vertebral fractures as compared with that of new nonadjacent vertebral fractures.

研究数据来自于骨折防预试验中心，比较雷洛昔芬与安慰剂组对椎体骨折后再发生邻近椎体骨折及非邻近椎体骨折的发生率以及应用特立帕肽、雷洛昔芬对椎体骨折后再发生邻近椎体骨折及非邻近椎体骨折的风险情况。

Results In 252 injuried patients , 45 patients had fractures in different parts: 12 cases in tibial plateau, 6 cases in transverse process of lumbar vertrbra, 5 cases in shoulder blade, 2 cases in sternum, 3 cases in rib, 7 cases in sacrum; 5 cases in acetabulum; 3 cases in osethmoidale; 2 cases in nasal bone.

结果 252例X线平片中未显示骨折的患者经CT重建后，45例显示有骨折：胫骨平台骨折12例，腰椎横突骨折6例，肩胛骨骨折5例，胸骨骨折2例，肋骨骨折3例，骶骨骨折7例，髋臼骨折5例，筛骨骨折3例，鼻骨骨折2例。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷